whether man be now in possession of the same qualities as those with which he was created: but the fact of the organs having been bestowed by the Creator is not open to contradiction, if they exist at all; and if we discover their functions and their uses, and distinguish these from their abuses, we shall obviously obtain clearer views of what God has instituted, and of the extent to which man himself is cnargeable with error and perversion, than could be arrived at by the means hitherto employed. Such conclusions, if correctly drawn, will possess an irresistible authority that of the record of creation itself. If, therefore, any reader be disposed to question the existence of such qualities in man as I am about to describe, he must, to do so consistently, be prepared to deny, on reasonable grounds, that mental organs exist,-or, if he allows their existence, he must establish that the observations of phrenologists in regard to them are incorrect, or their inferences regarding their functions erroneously deduced. According to Phrenology, then, the human faculties are the following. The organs are double, each faculty having two, lying in corresponding situations of the hemispheres of the brain. Their situations are indicated by the engravings.

Order I. FEELINGS.

Genus I. PROPENSITIES Common to Man with the Lower

THE LOVE OF LIFE.

Animals.

APPETITE FOR FOOD.-Uses: Nutrition.-Abuses: Gluttony and drunk enness. The Organ is marked with a cross on bust.

1. AMATIVENESS-Produces sexual love.

2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. - - Uses: Affection for young and tender

beings.-Abuses: Pampering and spoiling children.

3. CONCENTRATIVENESS.-Uses: It gives the desire of permanence in place, and renders permanent, emotions and ideas in the mind.— Abuses: Aversion to move abroad; morbid dwelling on internal emotions and ideas, to the neglect of external impressions.

4. ADHESIVENESS.-Uses: Attachment; friendship and society result

from it.-Abuses: Clanship for improper objects, attachment to worthless individuals. It is generally strong in women.

5. COMBATIVENESS.- Uses: Courage to meet danger and overcome difficulties, tendency to oppose and attack whatever requires opposition, and to resist unjust encroachments.-Abuses: Love of contention, and tendency to provoke and assault. This feeling obviously adapts man to a world in which danger and difficulty

abound.

6. DESTRUCTIVENESS.-Uses: Desire to destroy noxious objects, and to kill for food. It is very discernible in carnivorous animals.Abuses: Cruelty, murder, desire to torment, tendency to passion, rage, and harshness and severity in speech and writing. This feeling places man in harmony with death and destruction, which are woven into the system of sublunary creation.

7. SECRETIVENESS.-Uses: Tendency to restrain within the mind the various emotions and ideas that involuntarily present themselves, until the judgment has approved of giving them utterance; it is simply the propensity to conceal, and is an ingredient in prudence. Abuses: Cunning, deceit, duplicity, and lying.

8 ACQUISITIVENESS.-Uses: Desire to possess, and tendency to ac

cumulate articles of utility, to provide against want.-Abuses Inordinate desire of property, selfishness, avarice theft.

9. CONSTRUCTIVENESS.-Uses: Desire to build and construct works of art.-Abuses: Construction of engines to injure or destroy, and fabrication of objects to deceive mankind.

Genus II. SENTIMENTS.

I. Sentiments common to Man with the Lower Animals.

10. SELF-ESTEEM.

Uses: Self-respect, self-interest, love of independence, personal dignity,-Abuses: Pride, disdain, overweening conceit, excessive selfishness, love of dominion.

11 LOVE OF APPROBATION.-- -Uses: Desire of the esteem of others, love of praise, desire of fame or glory.--Abuses: Vanity, ambition, thirst for praise independently of praiseworthiness.

12. CAUTIOUSNESS.-Uses: It gives origin to the sentiment of fear, the desire to shun danger, and circumspection; and it is an ingredient in prudence.-Abuses: Excessive timidity, poltroonery, unfounded apprehensions, despondency, melancholy.

13. BENEVOLENCE.- -Uses: Desire of the happiness of others, universal charity, mildness of disposition, and a lively sympathy with the enjoyment of all animated beings.-Abuses: Profusion, injurious indulgence of the appetites and fancies of others, prodigality, facility of temper.

II. Sentiments Proper to Man.

14. VENERATION.-Uses: Tendency to venerate or respect whatever is great and good; gives origin to religious adoration. - Abuses:" Senseless respect for unworthy objects consecrated by time or situation, love of antiquated customs, abject suberviency to persons in authority, superstitious awe.

15. FIRMNESS.-Uses: Determination, perseverance, steadiness of purpose.-Abuses: Stubbornness, infatuation, tenacity in evi.. 16. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.-Uses: It gives origin to the sentiment of justice, or respect for the rights of others, openness to conviction, the love of truth.Abuses: Scrupulous adherence to noxious principles when ignorantly embraced, excessive refinement in the views of duty and obligation, excess in remorse or self-condemnation.

17. HOPE.-Uses. Tendency to expect future good; it cherishes faith. -Abuses: Credulity with respect to the attainment of what is desired, absurd expectations of felicity not founded on reason. 18. WONDER. Uses: The desire of novelty; admiration of the new, the unexpected, the grand, the wonderful, and extraordinary.—

Abuses: Love of the marvellous, and occult; senseless astonishment; belief in false miracles, in prodigies, magic, ghosts, and other supernatural absurdities.-Nete. Veneration, Hope, and Wonder, combined, give the tendency to religion; their abuses produce superstition.

19. IDEALITY.-Uses: Love of the beautiful and splendid, desire of excellence, poetic feeling. Abuses: Extravagance and absurd enthusiasm, preference of the showy and glaring to the solid and useful, a tendency to dwell in the regions of fancy and to neglect the duties of life.

20. WIT-Gives the feeling of the ludicrous, and disposes to mirth. 21. IMITATION-Copies the manners, gestures, and actions of others. and appearances in nature generally.

Genus II. KNOWING FACULTIES WHICH PERCEIVE THE EXISTENCE AND QUALITIES OF EXTERNAL OBJECTS.

22. INDIVIDUALITY-Takes cognizance of existence and simple facts. 23. FORM-Renders man observant of form.

24. SIZE-Gives the idea of space, and enables us to appreciate dimension and distance.

25. WEIGHT--Communicates the perception of momentum, weight, and resistance; and aids equilibrium.

26. COLORING-Gives perception of colors and their harmonies.

Genus IIL KNOWING FACULTIES WHICH PERCEIVE THE RELATIONS OF EXTERNAL OBJECTS.

27. LOCALITY-Gives the idea of relative position.

28. NUMBER-Gives the talent for calculation.

29. ORDER-Communicates the love of physical arrangement. 30. EVENTUALITY-Takes cognizance of occurrences or events.

31. TIME-Gives rise to the perception of duration.

32. TUNE-The sense of Melody and Harmony arises from it.

33. Language-Gives facility in acquiring a knowledge of arbitrary signs to express thoughts, readiness in the use of them, and the power of inventing and recollecting them.

Genus IV. REFLECTING FACULTIES, WHICH COMPARE, JUDGE, AND DISCRIMINATE.

34. COMPARISON-Gives the power of discovering analogies, resem blances, and differences.

35. CAUSALITY-Traces the dependences of phenomena, and the relation of cause and effect.

Observation proves that each of these faculties is connected with a particular portion of the brain, and that the power of manifesting each bears a relation to the size and activity of its organ. The organs differ in relative size in different individuals, and hence their differences of talents and dispositions. This fact is of the greatest importance in the philosophy of man; and the circumstance of its having been unknown until Dr. Gal's discovery of the