before the star-chamber. With Edmund Snape and other puritan ministers, he was indicted "for setting up a new discipline and a new form of worship, and subscribing their hands to it." The whole were committed to the Fleet prison, and there they remained through the winter. In the spring, Cartwright pleading his age and infirmities, "feeling," as he says, "the gout and stone both to grow fast upon me, I applied to Lord Burleigh for relief, but without success." In May 1591, Cartwright was sent for by the bishop to appear before him and Dr Bancroft, and some others of the ecclesiastical commission. On this occasion, there was a long discussion on the subject of the ex officio oath, which the court required him to take, and which he refused, as requiring him to swear indefinitely that he would answer any and every thing demanded of him. On his refusal he was remanded to prison, where he and his fellow prisoners for conscience sake remained two years without any further process, or being admitted to bail. The king of Scotland, who had so high an opinion of Cartwright, that, in 1580, he invited him to accept a professorship in the university of St Andrews, applied to Elizabeth in vain on behalf of Mr Cartwright and his brethren: there was no relenting.

After various applications for release on bail, the sufferers were induced to unite in a petition to the fountain-head of ecclesiastical power -the archbishop Whitgift. To this petition he replied, that if they would renounce their sentiments and their assemblies as unlawful and seditious, they might expect his compliance. Turning with despair from this insult, they resolved to petition the queen. What reception this petition met with is not shown, nor when the petitioners obtained their release; but it is understood not to have been soon. However, at length, on a promise to be quiet, the archbishop consented that they should be discharged-though on this condition that, in default of their amendment, they should appear again upon twenty days warning being given.

In 1592, soon after Cartwright's release, Dr Cosin, dean of the arches, and official principal to Archbishop Whitgift, wrote a book against Hacket, Coppinger, and Arthington, the design of which was to bring odium on the puritans for the wild fanaticism of those persons; and especially to represent Cartwright as privy to designs of sedition and treason. Happily for him, there was no shadow of a proof for this vile insinuation. On his return to Warwick, Mr Cartwright resumed his pastoral and other ministerial duties with great earnestness, so as to draw down upon him further dislike from the ecclesiastical powers. At length, being silenced by the bishops, he was requested by the Lord Zouch, governor of Guernsey, to go with him to that island, where he

continued at least till 1596.

Attempts have been made to show that, after all, Cartwright repented of his puritan principles in his old age, and that he confessed himself guilty of the sin of schism: of this there is no probable proof. His age and infirmities naturally withdrew him from the scene of polemical strife, and disposed him to prepare more assiduously for his departure hence. It is said, that at the close of life he possessed wealth -the reward of his privations and sufferings. We may admit the truth of such statement without allowing the imputation of guilt: whatever he possessed, he was not avaricious, for we are told that it was his

custom "on the Sabbath to distribute money to the poor of the town of Warwick, beside what he gave to the prisoners."

He continued his assiduity in his studies even in old age. He usually rose at two, three, and at the latest four o'clock in the morning, summer and winter, notwithstanding that his infirmities compelled him to study continually on his knees. Nor would he intermit his ministerial labours, but persisted to preach, when many times he could scarcely creep into the pulpit. He died on the 27th of December, 1693, aged sixty-eight. To conclude in the words of Fuller concerning this distinguished man:-" His life may be presumed most pious; it concerning him to be strict in his conversation, who so stickled for the reformation of all abuses in the church. An excellent scholar; pure Latinist; his travels advantaging the ready use thereof; accurate Grecian; exact Hebrician, as his comments on the Proverbs and other works do sufficiently testify."

Beside those already mentioned, Cartwright wrote several works which were published after his death: viz. 'Metaphrasis et Homiliæ in librum Solomonis qui inscribitur Ecclesiastes,' 1604, 4to. ' Commentary on the Epistle to the Colossians,' 1612, 4to. A Body of Divinity,' 1616, 4to. Commentaria Practica in totam Historiam Evangelicam, ex quatuor Evangelistis harmonicè concinnatam,' 1630, 4to. Et idem, sub. tit. Harmonia Evangelica Commentario,' &c. 1647. 'Commentarii succincti et dilucidi in Proverbia Salomonis,' 1638, 4to. Di rectory of Church Government,' 1644, 4to. *

III.-LITERARY SERIES.

William Grocyn.

BORN A. D. 1442.-DIED A. d. 1519.

WILLIAM GROCYN, one of the earliest restorers of learning in England, was born at Bristol in 1442, and educated in the grammar school of Winchester. He was elected thence to New college, Oxford, in 1467, and, in 1479, was presented by the warden and fellows to one of their rectories in Buckinghamshire. He still continued to reside at Oxford, however, and was appointed divinity reader by the society of Magdalene college, in which capacity he was honoured to hold a public disputation before Richard III., on the occasion of that prince visiting Oxford. In 1485 he was presented to a prebendal stall in Lincoln cathedral; and, three years afterwards, he set out on foreign travel, animated, it would seem, by the desire of acquiring knowledge, and especially desirous of perfecting himself in the Greek language, in which, though regarded as one of the best Greek and Latin scholars in England, he felt and regretted his deficiency. He was now forty-six years of age, yet he went in quest of learning with all the readiness and

See Memoirs of Cartwright, prefixed to Hanbury's edition of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, 3 vols, 8vo, 1830.