Statistical physics

absolute temperature absorbed accessible amount approximation assume atoms average calculate classical collision Consider constant container cules definition denote discussion distribution electron ensemble entropy equal equilibrium situation equipartition theorem example expression external parameters fluctuations fluid function Gibbs free energy given heat capacity heat Q heat reservoir Hence ideal gas initial internal energy interval isolated system kinetic energy large number left half liquid macroscopic system macrostate magnetic field magnitude mass maximum mean energy mean free mean free path mean number mean pressure mean value measured mechanics mole molecular momentum number of molecules occur oscillator particle particular phase phase space piston plane Poisson distribution position possible values Prob probability P(n quantity quantum numbers quasi-static random relation result simply solid specific heat statistical statistical ensemble statistically independent Suppose thermal contact thermally insulated thermometer tion total energy total magnetic total number unit volume velocity