Acute and Procedure Pain in Infants and Children

acetaminophen acute pain adolescents adult allodynia amethocaine analgesia analgesic Anand KJS Anesth Analg anesthetic anxiety APPO athletes behavioral block bupivacaine cancer cardiac carrageenan catastrophizing caudal circumcision Clin clinical clonidine Dalhousie University decrease developmental dose drug efficacy EMLA epidural fentanyl Fitzgerald Grunau guidelines heart rate heel lance hospital hyperalgesia increased infusion injection intensive interventions intravenous Kazak ketamine lidocaine lumbar puncture McGrath PJ mg/kg midazolam morphine Morton Morton NS naloxone neonatal pain neonates newborn NICU nitrous oxide nociceptive NSAIDs nurse opioid Paediatr Anaesth pain assessment pain control pain in children pain in neonates pain management Pain Research pain responses painful procedures parents patients pediatric pediatric pain pharmacological plasma postnatal postoperative pain practice preterm infants preterm neonates procedure pain Psychol psychological rat pups receptors reduce regional anesthesia reported respiratory ropivacaine sedation significant spinal sports injury staff Stevens sucrose surgery Taddio techniques tion treatment venipuncture