Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Volume 14, Part 5American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995 - Arctic regions |
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Page 235
It is a well established fact that in order to achieve good wetting , the surface
tension of the liquid ( coating ) must be lower than the wetting tension of the
substrate . A non - contaminated steel surface has a surface energy ( wetting
tension ) ...
It is a well established fact that in order to achieve good wetting , the surface
tension of the liquid ( coating ) must be lower than the wetting tension of the
substrate . A non - contaminated steel surface has a surface energy ( wetting
tension ) ...
Page 518
35 Effective bottom tension ( MN ) Fig . 10 . Roll Angle as Function of the Tensile
Force . 600000 on - bottom instabilities of the pipeline ( see abandonment
section below ) 40001 T = 0 . 23MN T = 0 . 1 SMN T = 1 ) . I IMN - T = 0 . 08MN T -
0 .
35 Effective bottom tension ( MN ) Fig . 10 . Roll Angle as Function of the Tensile
Force . 600000 on - bottom instabilities of the pipeline ( see abandonment
section below ) 40001 T = 0 . 23MN T = 0 . 1 SMN T = 1 ) . I IMN - T = 0 . 08MN T -
0 .
Page 519
Generally , an on - bottom instability is governed by ( for a given residual tension
) • Residual bending moment due to plastic effects . • Pipeline roll ( rotation of
plane in which the residual bending moment occurs ) . • Lateral resistance ...
Generally , an on - bottom instability is governed by ( for a given residual tension
) • Residual bending moment due to plastic effects . • Pipeline roll ( rotation of
plane in which the residual bending moment occurs ) . • Lateral resistance ...
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allowable analysis applied approach approximately assessment associated axial bending bottom buckling calculated coating compressive concrete considered construction corrosion cost criteria critical curvature curve defects deformation depth described determined diameter direction displacement distribution effect element Engineering equation factors failure field Figure flow force function given ground important increase indicated initial inspection installation integrity internal joint laying length limit load material maximum means measured Mechanics method movement natural obtained occur Offshore operating parameters performed pipe pipeline possible potential predicted presented pressure properties range reduced reliability representative resistance response risk safety seabed shown shows significant slope soil span specimen steel strain strength stress structural surface Table Technology temperature tension tests thickness values wall wave weld