student with three per cent. on all moneys so disbursed, and pay the same into the college treasury. If any student shall receive any money which does not pass through the hands of the Bursar, he shall be liable to dismission from the institution.' A botanical garden and green house is attached to the college, well stocked with plants, both exotic and indigenous. Yale College. This institution was established in 1700, and incorporated in 1701. It was established at Saybrook, and the first commencement was held there September 13, 1702. To avoid charges, the commencements were for several years private. In 1703, there was a general contribution throughout the colony to build a college house. In 1716, the institution was removed to New Haven. The first commencement at New Haven was in 1717, when four individuals were admitted to the degree of bachelor of arts. About this time, Mr. Elihu Yale, of London, gave a donation of books to the college, worth £100, and goods to the amount of £300. In gratitude for his munificent donation, the institution was named YALE COLLEGE. In 1733, Bishop Berkeley, of Ireland, gave 1,000 volumes of books, and two small foundations for premiums. There are now ten college buildings; four of which are halls, 100 feet by 40, four stories high, containing 32 rooms each for students; a new and convenient chapel, one story of which is appropriated to the theological school, and another to the library; two other buildings containing rooms for recitations, lectures, and libraries; a dining hall of stone, with an elegant apartment above for the mineralogical cabinet and lectures; a chemical laboratory; and the medical college, a large edifice of stone. The philosophical and chemical apparatus are very good. The cabinet of minerals is the most valuable in the United States. The following is the list of presidents:-Rev. Abraham Pierson, 1701-1707. Rev. Timothy Cutler, D. D., 1719-1722. Rev. Elisha Williams, 1726-1739. Rev. Thomas Clap, 1739-1766. Rev. Naphtali Daggett, 1766–1777. Rev. Ezra Stiles, D. D., LL. D., 1777-1795. Rev. Timothy Dwight, D. D., LL. D., 1795-1817. Rev. Jeremiah Day, D. D., LL. D., 1817. The faculty are now: Rev. Jeremiah Day, D. D., LL. D., president. Hon. David Daggett, LL. D. prof. of law. Benjamin Silliman, M. D., LL. D., prof. chemistry, mineralogy, &c. James L. Kingsley, LL. D., prof. of Latin. Eli Ives, M. D., prof. theory and practice of physic. Rev. N. W. Taylor, D. D., Dwight prof. theology. Jonathan Knight, M. D., prof. anatomy, &c. Timothy P. Beers, M. D., prof. obstetrics. Rev. Eleazar T. Fitch, D. D., prof. divinity. Rev. Chauncy A. Goodrich, prof. rhetoric and oratory. Henry Durant, William Carter, Henry N. Day, Flavel Bascom, Alfred Newton, Leverett Griggs, Anthony D. Stanley, and David C. Comstock, tutors; Oliver P. Hubbard, assistant to the professor of chemistry; Erasmus D. North, teacher in elocution. The following statements will give further information in respect to the college. No one can be admitted to the freshman class, till he has completed his fourteenth year; nor to an advanced standing without a proportional increase of age. The whole course of instruction occupies four years. In each year there are three terms or sessions. The three younger classes are divided, each into three parts; and each of the divisions is committed to the particular charge of a tutor, who, with the assistance of the professors, instructs it. The senior class is instructed by the president and professors. Each of the four classes attends three recitations or lectures in a day; except on Wednesdays and Saturdays when they have only two. Gentlemen well qualified to teach the French and Spanish languages, are engaged by the faculty to give instruction in these branches to those students who desire it, at their own expense. The Berkeleian premium. of about forty-six dollars a year, is given to the scholar in each class who passes the best examination in Latin and Greek; provided he reside as a graduate in New Haven, one, two, or three years. Premiums are also given for Latin and English composition, and for declamation in public. The Theological department. The instructors in the theological department are a professor of didactic theology, a professor of sacred literature, and the professors of divinity and rhetoric in the classical department of the college. The whole course of instruction occupies three years; and the students are divided into junior, middle, and senior classes. The Law school. The law school is under the direction of the Hon. David Daggett, LL. D., a judge of the Supreme Court in Connecticut, and professor of law; and Samuel J. Hitchcock, Esq., Attorney and Counselor at Law. The students are required to peruse the most important elementary treatises, and are daily examined on the author they are reading, and receive at the same time explanations and illustrations of the subject they are studying. A course of lectures is delivered by the professor of law, on all the titles and subjects of common and statute law. A moot court is holden once a week or oftener, which employs the students in drawing pleadings and investigating and arguing questions of law. The professor of law delivers lectures to the senior class in college, during the first and second terms once in each week. The Medical institution. The instructors of the medical institution, are a professor of surgery, a professor of chemistry and pharmacy, a professor of the theory and practice of physic, a professor of materia medica and therapeutics, a professor of anatomy and physiology, and a professor of obstetrics. The lectures commence twelve weeks from the third Wednesday in August, and continue sixteen weeks. During the course, from 50 to 100 lectures are given by each professor. The entire expense of a residence of four months, through the course, including fees and all expenses, except clothing, is from 120 to 150 dollars. Litchfield Law school. Litchfield is the capital of Litchfield county, 30 miles west of Hartford, 31 north-west of New Haven, 329 from Washington. We quote the following statements respecting the celebrated law school in this town. The number of students from 1798 to 1827, both inclusive, was 730. This law school was established in 1782 by the Hon. Tapping Reeve, late Chief Justice of Connecticut, and continued under his sole direction until the year 1798, when the Hon. J. Gould was associated with him. These gentlemen continued their joint labors until 1820, since which period Judge Gould has lectured alone. From its commencement, it has enjoyed a patronage, which distinguished talent combined with great legal attainment justly merited. It has been composed of young men from every section of the Union, many of whom have since been eminently conspicuous, both as jurists and as statesmen. And indeed even now, notwithstanding the numerous legal seminaries which have been established throughout our country, this school maintains its pre-eminence. This, it is believed, is to be attributed to the advantages, which the mode of instruction here prescribed, possesses over the systems usually adopted in similar institutions. According to the plan pursued by Judge Gould, the law is divided into forty-eight titles, which embrace all its important branches, and of which he treats in systematic detail. These titles are the result of thirty years severe and close application. They comprehend the whole of his legal reading during that period, and continue moreover to be enlarged and improved by modern adjudications. The lectures, which are delivered every day, and which usually occupy an hour and a half, embrace every principle and rule falling under the several divisions of the different titles. The examinations, which are held every Saturday, upon the lectures of the preceding week, consist of a thorough investigation of the principles of each rule, and not merely of such questions as can be answered from memory without any exercise of the judgment. These examinations are held a part of the time, by Jabez W. Huntington, Esq., a distinguished gentlemen of the bar, whose practice enables him to introduce frequent and familiar illustrations, which create an interest, and serve to impress more strongly upon the mind the knowledge acquired during the week. There is also connected with the institution, a moot court for the argument of law questions, at which Judge Gould presides. The questions that are discussed, are prepared by him in the forms in which they generally arise. These courts are held once at least in each week, two students acting as counselors, one on each side: And the arguments that are advanced, together with the opinion of the judge, are carefully recorded in a book kept for that purpose. For the preparation of these questions, access may at all times be had to an extensive library. Besides these courts, there are societies established for improvement in forensic exercises, which are entirely under the control of the students. The whole course is completed in fourteen months, including two vacations of four weeks each, one in the spring, the other in the autumn. No student can enter for a shorter period than three months. The terms of instruction are $100 for the first year, and $60 for the second, payable either in advance or at the end of the year. Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford. The American asylum owes its origin to the success which attended the efforts of the Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet, to give instruction to the deaf and dumb daughter of a gentleman of that city. The attention of people being excited, it was computed that there were more than a hundred deaf mutes in Connecticut; and Mr. Gallaudet was induced to undertake the establishment of an institution at Hartford for their relief, having previously stipulated for means of personally examining the European institutions for the relief of persons thus afflicted. Mr. Gallaudet embarked for Europe in May, 1815. He returned in August, 1816, accompanied by Mr. Laurent Clerc, a distinguished pupil of the Abbé Sicard. The course of instruction commenced, with seven pupils, in April, 1817, and, in 1829, there were 143 pupils in the institution, under the care of Mr. Gallaudet and nine assistant instructors. 54 of the pupils were supported wholly by the legislature of Massachusetts; 15, in whole or in part, by that of New Hampshire; 13 by that of Maine; 21 by that of Vermont; and 13 by that of Connecticut. The institution, from its establishment to 1830, had imparted its benefits to 318 persons. The funds of the asylum have been derived from private donations, and from a grant of land in Alabama, made by the congress of the United States, in 1819. These have furnished the institution with a large and commodious brick building, in which the pupils reside and receive instruction; a dwelling-house for the principal, and convenient out-houses, including two brick workshops, in which the male pupils work four or five hours daily, in order to acquire a mechanical trade; and have enabled the directors to form a permanent fund of considerable amount. NEW YORK. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.-'There were in the State of New York, on the last day of December, 1831, which was the date of the latest reports on the number of children, 508,878 children over 5 and under 16 years of age; of whom 494,959 received instruction in district schools. The whole number of organized school districts in the State is 9,600; of which 8,941 made their annual reports. These were kept open for the reception of pupils an average period of eight out of the twelve months. The average number of scholars instructed in those districts which made returns, was a fraction more than 55 for each school. In 1816, the number of organized districts was 2,755, and the children taught according to the returns, was 140,106. The increase of those districts which have adopted the system, in 16 years, has been of course, 6,845; and the increase in the number of children taught, in the same time, 354,853. The productive capital of the New York school fund now amounts to $1,735,175 28. The revenue it afforded for the year ending on the 30th of September last, was $93,755 31. But the revenue for the coming year is estimated at $101,250; for the fund is increasing. This revenue is paid over from the State treasury to the commissioners of the several towns in the State for the benefit of the schools; and it appears that so much is added from the general funds of the treasury, as to make up the round sum of $100,000. To this, if we add $188,384 53, the avails of a State tax; and $17,198 25 which is derived from local funds possessed by some of the towns, we have an aggregate of $305,582 78: and this usually is denominated the 'public money. It appears that 761 towns paid to their teachers during the past year, by way of subscription, voluntary contribution, or taxation in their several districts, $358,320 17; and this added to the public money, makes an aggregate amount of $663,902 95 paid for teachers' wages alone, with the exception of about $60,000 otherwise applied in the city of New York. Thus where the State or the school fund pays one dollar for teachers' wages, an inhabitant of a town, by a tax upon his property, pays $1 28; and by voluntary contribution in the school district where he resides, $3 58 for the same object, to which is added the proportion of 17 cents, derived from the local school fund. So that the State pays less than one-sixth, and the inhabitants five-sixths of the teachers' wages. But the amount paid for teachers' wages is only about one-half of the expense annually incurred for the support of common schools. The yearly value of the capital vested in school-houses, the books, fuel, &c., is estimated at $462,579; which added to the amount paid for teachers' wages makes a grand total of $1,126,482 45, expended annually in the State of New York on common schools. And the revenue of the school fund; that is, the $100,000 paid from the State treasury pays a fraction less than one-eleventh of the annual expenditures upon these schools. Before the last year it never has paid less than one-tenth of the whole. Thus, every year's experience of the tendency of the New York common school system should increase our confidence in the wisdom which devised a plan so excellent, and which makes a fund obviously beneficial to the State, instead of operating to paralyze the public mind on the subject of education, as has sometimes happened, especially in Connecticut. The superintendent appears to regard the incorporated academies, of which there are about 57 in the State, as destined ultimately to become the appropriate seminaries for preparing teachers for common schools; and also urges with great earnestness, the importance of employing competent teachers of common schools, at much more liberal prices than heretofore. He urges, too, a more rigid discharge of duty on the part of the inspectors of the schools, and,— -as we are very happy to see, expresses a deep conviction that something ought to be done to provide the means of instruction for the inmates of manufacturing establishments. Arrangements have been made for furnishing every school district in the State with a copy of Hall's lectures on school keeping: a measure of undoubted importance, and worthy of being imitated in other States. The sum apportioned to public schools in New York city, during the year 1832, was $90,748 86, being nearly $20 to each scholar instructed in the schools, which are allowed by the legislature to share in the funds. The culpable indifference of parents in availing themselves of the benefits of the public schools, is still felt as a serious evil in the city of New York. The public school society has endeavored to counteract this deplorable apathy, by employing a person at a salary of $800 per annum, to visit parents in all parts of the city, and to invite and persuade them to send their children to school; and it appears by the report of the commissioners, that the corporation of the city have passed an ordinance, 'excluding from the participation of public charity, when it may be required, all out-door poor, whether emigrants or not, who, having children between the ages of five and twelve, neglect or refuse to send them to some one of the public schools.' About 4,000 families are usually aided as outdoor poor; averaging five to each family, it gives a total of 20,000, who will feel the benefit of this ordinance. The English reader is used in 549 towns in the State; Daboll's arithmetic in 472; Murray's grammar in 462; Webster's spelling book in 433; the New Testament in 166; Woodbridge's geography in 375; Walker's dictionary in 95: Olney's geography in 183; Cobb's spelling book in 235; Kirkham's grammar in 111, &c. ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.-'The incorporated academies,' says Mr. Flagg, in his last report, 'may be relied upon as seminaries for the education of teachers. There are now 57 academies in the State; in the erection and endowment of which about $400,000 have been expended by the State and by individuals; and to these academies a revenue of $10,000 is distributed annually by the State. In 1827, $150,000 were transferred from the general funds of the State, to the literature fund, for the avowed object of promoting the education of teachers of common schools, by increasing the apportionment to the academies.' In each senatorial district the sum of $1,250 is distributed. At Rochester is a manual labor school, which not long since commenced operations. At Whitestown, near Utica, is the Oneida institute, a manual labor school, which has been in operation a number of years. Rev. George W. Gale has lately been chosen principal. The Kinderhook academy is under the care of Messrs. Silas Metcalf, and James Johnson, Jr. The moral improvement of the pupils receives particular attention. The library contains nearly 400 select volumes. Board is about $1 75 a week; tuition from $3 to $5 a quarter. The Albany academy has 16 trustees, and 220 students. T. R. Beck, principal; Peter Bullions, Joseph Henry, Daniel D. T. Leach, and G. W. Carpenter, instructors. Buffalo literary and scientific academy. Rev. Charles Bishop, principal; Rev. G. O. Warner, and James Jarvis, Jr., assistants. Erasmus Hall academy, Flatbush, L. I., four miles from New York city, J. W. Kellogg, principal. The building is 100 feet by 36, with a wing of 50 feet by 25. Flushing institute for boys, Queens county. Rev. Mr. Muhlenberg, principal. Geneva academy for boys, connected with Geneva college, 86 pupils in 1830. The Troy female seminary was instituted in 1821; Emma Willard, principal, a vice-principal, and 19 assistants. Pupils between 200 and 300, one-third from Troy. The Brooklyn collegiate institute, opposite New York city, has a capital of $30,000, designed to afford young ladies the same advantages that are enjoyed by young men in colleges. 75 pupils can be accommodated as boarders with the principal. The Ontario female seminary was incorporated in 1825, capital $10,000, Miss Hannah Upham, principal; and 5 assistants; 100 scholars. The other principal female academies are Clinton, Hamilton, Cortlandville, Homer, Cooperstown, Whitesboro, Washington at Greenwich, Rensselaerville, Hobart in Delaware county, Mt. Pleasant in Westchester, &c. In 1830, there had been distributed to the various academies from the literature fund, $120,188 83; and given directly by the legislature, $27,268 82. COLLEGES AND HIGHER SEMINARIES.-Brockport college. The college, which the Baptists are here erecting, is constructed of free stone, 100 feet by 60, five stories high including the basement. Exclusive of the chapel, library room. &c., there are to be 90 rooms for the accommodation of students. Connected with the institution are five acres of land. The whole cost of the establishment is $15,000. Geneva college. This institution was established at Geneva in 1825. Rev. Richard S. Mason, D. D., president. 'The discipline exercised at this college, is as much as possible of the paternal character, by private admonition, rather than public censure, by the endeavor to produce correct conduct from the inculcation of correct principals-religious principals, if this can be effected-if not from the inculcation of honorable and gentlemanly feelings. A system of espionage and coercion is as much as possible avoided.' The following is the list of officers: Rev. Richard S. Mason, D. D., president. Horace Webster, prof. of mathematics and natural philosophy. prof. of Greek and Latin. M. D. Holstein, prof. of modern languages. Auburn Theological seminary. This institution was established by the Presbyterians at Auburn, Cayuga county, in 1820. The faculty are: Rev. James Richards, D. D., prof. of Christian theology. prof. of sacred rhetoric. Hamilton college. This institution is located at Clinton, a village in the town of Kirkland, Oneida county. It was established in 1812. Rev. Azel Backus, D. D., was the first president. He was succeeded by the Rev. Henry Davis, D. D. Dr. D. resigned in 1832, and Rev. Sereno E. Dwight, formerly of Boston, is the president elect. The location of this college is delightful. The college buildings, three in number, four stories high, stand in a line, on the summit of a hill, commanding an extensive prospect of rich and picturesque scenery. A law professorship has been recently founded in this college, by the bequest of $20,000 of Hon. Wm. H. Maynard of Utica. The faculty of this college are: |