Macro- and Microemulsions: Theory and Applications

acid adsorbed aggregates alcohol amphiphilic aqueous aqueous phase aqueous solution birefringence brine butanol chain length Chem coagulation coalescence coefficient Colloid Colloid Interface Sci constant contact angle continuous phase cosurfactant crude CTAB decrease detergent diameter dielectric diffusion dilution dispersed phase effect emulsifier enhanced oil recovery equation equilibrium experimental fatty alcohol film flocculation formation free energy Friberg globules gm/dl hexanol hydration hydrocarbon hydrophilic increase interactions interfacial tension isotropic lamellar light scattering liquid crystal measured micellar micelles micro microemulsion microemulsion phase microemulsion systems middle phase microemulsion mixed emulsifier molecular moles NaCl NaOH observed occurs oil droplets oil layer oil phase parameters particle pentanol phase behavior phase diagram phase separation Phys plotted polymer properties pyrene radius region salinity sample Shah shown in Figure shows sodium solubilization structure studied sulfonate surfactant surfactant molecules temperature tion values viologen viscosity volume fraction W/O/W emulsions water mass fraction water molecules