Fracture, an Advanced Treatise: Fracture of metals

0.15 Remainder alloying elements aluminum alloys ASTM austenite austenitic grain bainite brittle fracture carbon Charpy V-notch cleavage fracture cooling correlation crack length crack propagation cross-slip crystal decrease discharge dislocation ductility effect elastic elongation embrittlement equation factor fatigue ferrite ferrite grain ferrite-pearlite flow stress fracture behavior fracture mechanics fracture stress fracture toughness ft-lb grain boundary grain refinement grain size Hahn hardening heat treatment high-strength materials hot-rolled inch increased initiation interstitial Iron Steel Inst laser lower manganese maraging steels martensite mechanical microstructure molybdenum nitrogen notch observed occurs parameters particles pearlite Petch plane-strain plate precipitation precipitation strengthening processing produced properties quenched ratio reduced refractory metals resistance shear shown in Fig silicon solid solution specimens Stoloff strain strength level structure tensile strength Tetelman and McEvily thermal thickness titanium Trans transition temperature transverse values vanadium Welding yield strength yield stress