Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 356
... associations that can be observed among many different species . These are a series of associations that are not predator - prey or herbivore - plant relation- ships in which one member consumes the other . These close relationships ...
... associations that can be observed among many different species . These are a series of associations that are not predator - prey or herbivore - plant relation- ships in which one member consumes the other . These close relationships ...
Page 357
... ASSOCIATIONS There are basically two types of symbiotic association between algae and invertebrates . The more ... associations in fresh water . Among the marine associations , zoochlorellae include the alga Platymonas convolutae ...
... ASSOCIATIONS There are basically two types of symbiotic association between algae and invertebrates . The more ... associations in fresh water . Among the marine associations , zoochlorellae include the alga Platymonas convolutae ...
Page 359
... associations occur in Protozoa , Porifera , Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes , Mollusca , and Echiura . Within these phyla , McLaughlin and Zahl ( 1966 ) report about 130 genera ... association Distribution of algae-invertebrate associations.
... associations occur in Protozoa , Porifera , Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes , Mollusca , and Echiura . Within these phyla , McLaughlin and Zahl ( 1966 ) report about 130 genera ... association Distribution of algae-invertebrate associations.
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abundant adaptations algae algal amount amphipods anemones areas Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic biology body bottom burrow carnivores changes Cnidaria communities competition copepods coral reef crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms dinoflagellates dominant ecology ecosystems eggs epipelagic estuary fauna feeding Figure fishes fresh water grazing hence herbivores increased invertebrates kelp kelp beds large numbers larvae layers levels light living low tide major marine mammals marsh mesopelagic migrate mollusks Mytilus nekton number of species numbers nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores photosynthesis physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators primary productivity reduced result rocky shores salinity salt sand beaches sea grass sea urchins sea water sediment shallow water squids substrate surface waters suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial thermocline tropical tuna upper various vertical water column water mass wave action whales zonation zone zooplankton zooxanthellae