Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 22
... carnivores . All levels above the second therefore consist of carnivores or omnivores . Within each trophic level or population , the amount of living material at any instant in time is the standing crop . The final component of the ...
... carnivores . All levels above the second therefore consist of carnivores or omnivores . Within each trophic level or population , the amount of living material at any instant in time is the standing crop . The final component of the ...
Page 30
... carnivores from the third or fourth trophic levels , such as salmon , tuna , and halibut . A corollary of this is that most marine food chains have about five links ( steps ) to reach the top carnivore , whereas terrestrial food chains ...
... carnivores from the third or fourth trophic levels , such as salmon , tuna , and halibut . A corollary of this is that most marine food chains have about five links ( steps ) to reach the top carnivore , whereas terrestrial food chains ...
Page 404
... carnivore , if the food chains are long . As we saw in Chapter One , marine food chains are long , and so top carnivores in marine systems often have heavy loads . Humans also tend to consume marine organisms mainly from the higher ...
... carnivore , if the food chains are long . As we saw in Chapter One , marine food chains are long , and so top carnivores in marine systems often have heavy loads . Humans also tend to consume marine organisms mainly from the higher ...
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Common terms and phrases
abundant adaptations algae algal amount amphipods anemones areas Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic biology body bottom burrow carnivores changes Cnidaria communities competition copepods coral reef crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms dinoflagellates dominant ecology ecosystems eggs epipelagic estuary fauna feeding Figure fishes fresh water grazing hence herbivores increased invertebrates kelp kelp beds large numbers larvae layers levels light living low tide major marine mammals marsh mesopelagic migrate mollusks Mytilus nekton number of species numbers nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores photosynthesis physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators primary productivity reduced result rocky shores salinity salt sand beaches sea grass sea urchins sea water sediment shallow water squids substrate surface waters suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial thermocline tropical tuna upper various vertical water column water mass wave action whales zonation zone zooplankton zooxanthellae