Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 21
... ecosystem . Ecosystems are the most complex entities in the above series and have many complex and interactive components . They are so large and complex that ecologists tend to study them by concentrating on their component parts ...
... ecosystem . Ecosystems are the most complex entities in the above series and have many complex and interactive components . They are so large and complex that ecologists tend to study them by concentrating on their component parts ...
Page 30
... ecosystems . Generally , the production of organic material is higher in terrestrial ecosystems than in marine , but the efficiency of transfer from first to second trophic levels is higher in marine ecosystems . Thus , although ...
... ecosystems . Generally , the production of organic material is higher in terrestrial ecosystems than in marine , but the efficiency of transfer from first to second trophic levels is higher in marine ecosystems . Thus , although ...
Page 306
... Ecosystems of the world . 1 , West coastal ecosystems . Elsevier , N.Y. 428 pp . Green , J. 1968. The biology of estuarine animals . Univ . of Wash . Press , Seattle . 401 pp . Lauff , G. H. ( ed . ) . 1967. Estuaries . Pub . no . 83 ...
... Ecosystems of the world . 1 , West coastal ecosystems . Elsevier , N.Y. 428 pp . Green , J. 1968. The biology of estuarine animals . Univ . of Wash . Press , Seattle . 401 pp . Lauff , G. H. ( ed . ) . 1967. Estuaries . Pub . no . 83 ...
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abundant adaptations algae algal amount amphipods anemones areas Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic biology body bottom burrow carnivores changes Cnidaria communities competition copepods coral reef crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms dinoflagellates dominant ecology ecosystems eggs epipelagic estuary fauna feeding Figure fishes fresh water grazing hence herbivores increased invertebrates kelp kelp beds large numbers larvae layers levels light living low tide major marine mammals marsh mesopelagic migrate mollusks Mytilus nekton number of species numbers nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores photosynthesis physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators primary productivity reduced result rocky shores salinity salt sand beaches sea grass sea urchins sea water sediment shallow water squids substrate surface waters suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial thermocline tropical tuna upper various vertical water column water mass wave action whales zonation zone zooplankton zooxanthellae