Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 181
... kelp bed in California . ECOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE Kelps have a phenomenal growth rate . Nereocystis luetkeana has been ... beds are also extremely productive . Mann ( 1973 ) reports that the net annual productivity ranges from 800 g C / m2 in ...
... kelp bed in California . ECOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE Kelps have a phenomenal growth rate . Nereocystis luetkeana has been ... beds are also extremely productive . Mann ( 1973 ) reports that the net annual productivity ranges from 800 g C / m2 in ...
Page 182
... kelp beds in the area and severely reduced or destroyed them . Similarly , kelp - free patches on the Atlantic coast of Canada have been found where there are high densities of sea urchins . There seems little doubt that large numbers ...
... kelp beds in the area and severely reduced or destroyed them . Similarly , kelp - free patches on the Atlantic coast of Canada have been found where there are high densities of sea urchins . There seems little doubt that large numbers ...
Page 183
... kelp beds . The recent recovery of the sea otter in California and Alaska has been followed by decreased sea urchin numbers and increased extent of kelp forests in a few areas studied . On the Atlantic coasts , a similar situation is ...
... kelp beds . The recent recovery of the sea otter in California and Alaska has been followed by decreased sea urchin numbers and increased extent of kelp forests in a few areas studied . On the Atlantic coasts , a similar situation is ...
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abundant adaptations algae algal amount amphipods anemones areas Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic biology body bottom burrow carnivores changes Cnidaria communities competition copepods coral reef crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms dinoflagellates dominant ecology ecosystems eggs epipelagic estuary fauna feeding Figure fishes fresh water grazing hence herbivores increased invertebrates kelp kelp beds large numbers larvae layers levels light living low tide major marine mammals marsh mesopelagic migrate mollusks Mytilus nekton number of species numbers nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores photosynthesis physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators primary productivity reduced result rocky shores salinity salt sand beaches sea grass sea urchins sea water sediment shallow water squids substrate surface waters suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial thermocline tropical tuna upper various vertical water column water mass wave action whales zonation zone zooplankton zooxanthellae