3. Bring your books and prepare to study.

This is a compound imperative sentence―compound, because it contains two principal propositions, "Bring your books" and "prepare to study;" and imperative, because it expresses a command.

Exercise.

Classify the following sentences:

1.

2.

3.

There is a garden in her face,

Where roses and white lilies blow.-R. Allison.

Who can tell what a baby thinks ?—Holland.

Who can follow the gossamer links

By which the manikin feels his way

Out from the shore of the great unknown?-Holland.

4.

How sweetly doth the moonbeam smile

To-night upon yon leafy isle!-Moore.

5. The sun had scarcely begun to shed his beams upon the summits of the snowy mountains which rise above Grenada, when the Christian camp was in motion. - Irving.

6. Great nations resemble great men in this particular, that their greatness is seldom known until they get in trouble.-Irving.

7.

When the lamp is shattered

The light in the dust lies dead.—Shelley.

8.

Lord, tarry not, but come.-Bonar.

9.

"Shall I have naught that is fair?" saith he,

"Have naught but the bearded grain ?”—Longfellow.

10. A man of real merit is never seen in so favorable a light as through the medium of adversity.—Hamilton.

11. The native brilliancy of the diamond needs not the polish of art.-Hamilton.

12. The conspicuous features of pre-eminent merit need not the coloring pencil of imagination nor the florid decorations of rhetoric. -Hamilton.

13.

Soldier, rest! thy warfare o'er,

Dream of fighting fields no more.-Scott.

14. To one unaccustomed to it there is something inexpressibly lonely in the solitude of a prairie.—Irving.

15. Life is a bubble which any breath may dissolve.-Greeley.

16. How beautiful the long mild twilight, which, like a silver clasp, unites to-day with yesterday!—Longfellow.

17. Life bears us on like the stream of a mighty river.-Heber.

18. God has given the land to man, but the sea He has reserved to himself.-Swain.

19. Were all the interesting diversities of color and form to disappear, how unsightly, dull, and wearisome would be the aspect of the world!-Dwight.

20. How can we expect the fabric of the government to stand if vicious materials are daily wrought into its framework?-H. Mann. 21. The whole land must be watered with the stream of knowledge. -H. Mann.

22.

These, as they change, Almighty Father, these

Are but the varied God.-Thomson.

23. Labor is rest from the sorrows that greet us.—Frances S. Osgood. The air is full of poetry, the air

24.

25.

Is living with its spirit; and the waves

Dance to the music of its melodies,

And sparkle in its brightness.-Percival.

Lo, the lilies of the field!

How their leaves instruction yield!—Heber.

Divisions of Syntax.

The component parts of a sentence are called Elements.

Analysis is the separation of a sentence into the elements of which it is composed.

Note. The word analysis is derived from the Greek ana, "again," and lyein, "to loose."

Synthesis is the construction of sentences from words.

Note. The word synthesis is from the Greek syn, "with," and tithenai, "to place."

11 *

Elements of Sentences.

The Elements of Sentences are the Principal, the Modifying, the. Connecting, and the Independent parts.

The Principal Elements are those which are necessary to the construction of a sentence. They are the Subject and the Predicate.

The Modifying Elements are those used to limit or modify other elements. They are either Adjective, Adverbial, or Objective.

The Connectives are those which unite words, phrases, or clauses.

The Independent parts are those which have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.

The Subject.

The Subject of a sentence may be either Simple, Complex, or Compound.

The Simple Subject is a noun or a pronoun, or some word, phrase, or clause used as a noun; as,

Ice melts. She sings. The is a word. + is the sign of addition. Lying is wicked. To lie is wicked. For us to lie is wicked. That one should lie is wicked.

The Simple Subject is also called the Grammatical Subject.

Exercise.

Name the simple subjects in the following sentences:

1. A book is good company.-Beecher.

2. Blessed is he who has found his work!-Carlyle.

3. It is noble to seek truth, and it is beautiful to find it.—Sydney Smith.

4. Never speak anything for a truth which you know or believe to be false.-Hale.

5. Precious and priceless are the blessings which books scatter around our daily paths.- Whipple.

6. The true hero is the great, wise man of duty.—Bushnell.

7. The relations between man and man cease not with life.-Norton. 8. The dead leave behind them their memory, their example, and the effects of their actions.-Norton.

9.

10.

11.

In its sublime research, philosophy

May measure out the ocean deep.-Derzhavin.

The frugal snail, with forecast of repose,

Carries his house with him where'er he goes.-Lamb.
Better than gold is the sweet repose

Of the sons of toil when their labors close.-Smart.

The Predicate.

The Predicate of a sentence may be either Simple, Complex, or Compound.

The Simple Predicate is always a finite verb or an attribute with its copula; as, "Birds sing," "Exercise strengthens," "Snow falls," "Snow is falling," "Snow is white," "Snow is frozen moisture," "Man is mortal," "Man is an animal," "To obey is to enjoy."

The Attribute is an adjective, a noun, or some equivalent expression.

The Copula is either the verb to be or some other neuter verb.

The Simple Predicate is also called the Grammatical Predicate.

The Attribute may be a word, a phrase, or a clause; as, "His wish is proper," "His wish is to do right,” "His wish is that we may call to see him."

Exercise.

Name the simple or grammatical predicates in the following sentences: 1. Every man must patiently abide his time.—Longfellow.

2. To be a gentleman does not depend upon the tailor or the toilet. -Bishop Doane.

3. On a winged word hath hung the destiny of nations.—Landor. 4. Open the doors of the schoolhouse to all the children of the land.- Webster.

5. Education is not confined to books alone.-Trowbridge.

6. The world, with its thousand interests and occupations, is a great school.-Trowbridge.

7. The crown and glory of life is character.-Smiles.

8. Every natural action is graceful.—Emerson.

9.

10.

The blow most dreaded falls to break

From off our limbs a chain.- Whittier.

I never could find a good reason

Why sorrow unbidden should stay,
And all the bright joys of life's season

Be driven unheeded away.-Geo. P. Morris.

The Complex or Logical Subject is the simple subject with its modifiers.

A Modifier is a word which limits or qualifies the meaning of another word.

The Logical Subject is the entire subject.

The subject, when a noun or a pronoun, may be limited as follows:

1. By any word, phrase, or clause that may be used as an adjective; as, "Wise men are respected,' ""Men of wisdom are respected," "Men who are wise are respected."

2. By a noun or a pronoun in the possessive case; as, “John's book is torn," "His father's house was destroyed."

3. By a noun or a pronoun in apposition; as, "The ship Nantucket was wrecked," "Paul the apostle preached."