Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 2000, Page 536

Acad Sci USA acid activation albumin animals apoptosis apoptotic Aẞ astrocytes Biol Chem Blood Flow Metab brain injury Brain Res Ca2+ calcium caspase caspase-3 cell death cellular Cereb Blood Flow cerebral ischemia Chen clenbuterol cortex cortical cultures cytochrome cytochrome c release cytokines depolarization effect endothelial cells excitotoxic extracellular focal cerebral ischemia focal ischemia function GDNF gene expression genembl global ischemia glutamate growth factor hippocampus immunoreactivity increased induced infarct volume inhibition inhibitors injection interleukin-1 ischemic brain ischemic injury Kaltschmidt kinase Krieglstein lesion MCAO mediated membrane metabolism mice microglia middle cerebral artery minocycline mitochondrial mouse mRNA Natl Acad Sci necrosis neural neuronal death neurons neuroprotective Neurosci NMDA NMDA receptor oxide pathways preconditioning Proc Natl Acad protein rat brain receptor reduced regulation reperfusion role signal spreading depression stroke studies therapy tion tissue transcription factor transient forebrain ischemia treatment vasospasm vector vitro vivo