BROKEN BONES: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma (2nd Ed.)The editors, along with 15 outstanding contributors, comprehensively explore and provide an overview of the principles behind the interpretation of skeletal blunt force trauma. This expanded second edition provides a discussion on how to train for a career in forensic anthropology and offers guidance on how to complete a thorough trauma analysis. It also provides the labels given to different kinds of fractures and the biomechanical forces required to cause bone to fail and fracture. The text provides a theoretical framework for both evaluating published trauma studies and designing new ones. Experimental trauma research is an area ripe for research, and criteria to consider in choosing which non-human species to use in an actualistic study are offered. Common circumstances in which blunt force trauma is encountered are described. Information is provided on a variety of causes of death due to blunt force trauma. These causes range from accidental deaths to homicides due to blunt force from motor vehicle accidents, falls, strangulation, child and elder abuse, among others. Epidemiological information on whom is most likely affected by these various kinds of blunt force trauma is drawn from both the clinical and forensic literature. The most fundamental elements of the text are offered in four chapters where, bone by bone, fracture by fracture, the authors describe what to call each kind of fracture, what is known about how much force is required to break the bone that way, and fracture specific epidemiological information. This particular section of the text provides an invaluable reference source for forensic anthropologists and other osteologists to consult when looking at and trying to classify a bone fracture. Case studies are included to bring the book full circle back to considering the micro and macro bone changes that are seen when bone fails and fractures. The case studies are illustrative both of the concepts described through the book and of the high quality analyses forensic anthropologists contribute to medicolegal investigations of death every day. The text is further enhanced by 150 illustrations, some in color. This completely updated and expanded new volume is an essential reference for the forensic anthropology professional. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 72
... (Rogers 1992). As humans age, osteon numbers increase while individual osteon size decreases. This change allows for an overall increase in the cement lines along which fractures preferentially form (Evans 1975). The periosteum thickens ...
... (Rogers 1992). Granulation tissue formation follows at the fracture site, attracting osteoclasts, the immune system-derived cells that will dissolve bone tissue. Following the invasion and activity of the immune-system cells, the cell ...
... (Rogers 1992, Claes 2012). Because there is greater blood supply metaphyseally, bone formation is often more rapid. Callus formation is exaggerated when there is greater fragmentation of the bone or when the fragments are displaced ...
... (Rogers 1992), but this may take many days to become apparent. The callus formation will be accompanied by an apparent widening of the gap between the bone fragments. CT scans will show the formation of a hematoma if soft tissue is still ...
... (Rogers 1992) due to the higher organic nature of younger bones. They also occur when the impact force is low or the area of impact is sufficiently wide that the force is dissipated. Incomplete fractures are also indicative of high ...
Contents
Section III B | 327 |
Section III C | 336 |
Section III D | 350 |
Section III E | 362 |
Section III F | 369 |
Section III G | 379 |
Section III H | 391 |
Section III I | 399 |