BROKEN BONES: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma (2nd Ed.)The editors, along with 15 outstanding contributors, comprehensively explore and provide an overview of the principles behind the interpretation of skeletal blunt force trauma. This expanded second edition provides a discussion on how to train for a career in forensic anthropology and offers guidance on how to complete a thorough trauma analysis. It also provides the labels given to different kinds of fractures and the biomechanical forces required to cause bone to fail and fracture. The text provides a theoretical framework for both evaluating published trauma studies and designing new ones. Experimental trauma research is an area ripe for research, and criteria to consider in choosing which non-human species to use in an actualistic study are offered. Common circumstances in which blunt force trauma is encountered are described. Information is provided on a variety of causes of death due to blunt force trauma. These causes range from accidental deaths to homicides due to blunt force from motor vehicle accidents, falls, strangulation, child and elder abuse, among others. Epidemiological information on whom is most likely affected by these various kinds of blunt force trauma is drawn from both the clinical and forensic literature. The most fundamental elements of the text are offered in four chapters where, bone by bone, fracture by fracture, the authors describe what to call each kind of fracture, what is known about how much force is required to break the bone that way, and fracture specific epidemiological information. This particular section of the text provides an invaluable reference source for forensic anthropologists and other osteologists to consult when looking at and trying to classify a bone fracture. Case studies are included to bring the book full circle back to considering the micro and macro bone changes that are seen when bone fails and fractures. The case studies are illustrative both of the concepts described through the book and of the high quality analyses forensic anthropologists contribute to medicolegal investigations of death every day. The text is further enhanced by 150 illustrations, some in color. This completely updated and expanded new volume is an essential reference for the forensic anthropology professional. |
From inside the book
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... muscle attachment sites, foramina through which blood vessels and nerves pass, and contours of each individual bone. This skill also requires one to think in a three-dimensional manner, since the fragments often do not appear normally ...
... muscle attachment sites, which also change the overall geometry. Thin bones such as those of the cranial vault, vary in thickness and proportion and orientation of intervening trabecular bone. Bones typically experience forces in which ...
... muscle contraction can increase the force applied to bone. When the contraction is constant, or the person is at rest, the force is said to be static, meaning that the loading does not change. In routine movement, however, the forces ...
... muscle contraction, and impact upon other materials all acting simultaneously. In these cases, the bone's ultimate ... muscles, housing hemopoietic tissue, and serving as a reservoir for calcium and trace elements. The cells within the ...
... Muscles will atrophy and this atrophy will be accompanied by bone mineral loss although there are longer-term changes as well (Grynpas 2003). While these may also occur in circumstances leading to forensic analysis, the presence of ...
Contents
Section III B | 327 |
Section III C | 336 |
Section III D | 350 |
Section III E | 362 |
Section III F | 369 |
Section III G | 379 |
Section III H | 391 |
Section III I | 399 |