Parkinson's Disease: Methods and ProtocolsM. Maral Mouradian Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder charact- ized clinically by tremor, rigidity, slow movements, and postural instability. Pathologically, dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra bear the brunt of the degeneration, though other neuronal groups can be affected as well. Although Parkinson’s disease is the only neurodegenerative disorder for which effective therapies are available, these treatment options are only symptomatic, do not influence the underlying degenerative process, and are associated with a high incidence of complications, particularly with their long-term use. The progressive nature of the disease and the limitations of its palliative therapies result in significant functional impairment. The chronic disability and the increased prevalence of the disease with the prolongation of life expectancy in developed countries make the social and economic impact of this disease quite high. For- nately, systematic basic and clinical research in this disease has yielded major new advances that render patients’ hopes for a cure considerably closer to reality. The application of molecular biologic methodologies in the study of Parkinson’s disease has begun to have a major impact only in recent years. Con- quently, the utility of these technologies is largely in the research arena, although their clinical applications are now being realized. |
Contents
13 | |
Parkinsons Disease Dementia with Lewy Bodies | 33 |
αSynucleinAmyloid Interactions | 61 |
Animal Models of Induced Apoptotic Death in the Substantia Nigra | 89 |
Tinmarla F Oo and Robert E Burke | 101 |
The Role of Nitric Oxide in Parkinsons Disease | 113 |
Biochemical Determination | 137 |
Quantification of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA | 157 |
SangHyeon Lee and M Maral Mouradian | 191 |
Detection of DNAProtein Interactions in Dopamine Receptor Genes | 217 |
In Situ Hybridization on Brain Tissue | 229 |
Regulation of Striatal NMethylDAspartate Receptor NMDAR | 247 |
Chronic Intracerebral Delivery of Trophic Factors | 257 |
Grafting Genetically Engineered Cells | 269 |
for Parkinsons Disease | 279 |
Neural Stem Cell Technology as a Novel Treatment | 289 |
Immunochemical Analysis of Dopamine Transporters | 167 |
Dopamine Transporter and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter | 179 |
Index | 309 |
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Common terms and phrases
a-synuclein activity analysis antibody apoptosis apoptotic AR-JP assay Biochem Biol blot Boehringer Mannheim brain buffer cannulae cDNA cell death cell line centrifuge at 10,000g chromosome cortex culture ddH2O detection dopamine neurons dopamine receptor dopaminergic dopaminergic neurons EDTA ENPs ethanol exon filaments GDNF genetically glial grafting haplotype human hybridization ice-cold implantation Incubate infusion isoforms labeling Lewy bodies markers membrane Methods and Protocols mg/mL MgCl2 mice Molecular Mouradian MPP+ MPTP mRNA multiple system atrophy mutation NaCl Natl Neurochem neurodegenerative neurons Neurosci neurotrophic factor nigrostriatal nitric oxide Note parkin gene Parkinson's disease parkinsonian PCR product polymerase primer probe protein pump region room temperature sample sequencing slides SNpc solution staining stem cells striatal striatum substantia nigra supernatant superoxide synuclein syringe Tefzel tion transcription transfer Tris-HCl tube tyrosine hydroxylase U/µL Vector vivo VMAT2