Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and TechnologyOver the last decade, or so, the growth in the use of adhesives, especially in ever more technically demanding applications, has been rapid and many major developments in the technology of adhesives have been reported. This growth has also led to attention being focused on somewhat more basic studies of the science of adhesion and adhesives, and in recent years our level of fundamental knowledge concerning the formation and mechanical performance of adhesive joints has increased dramatically. Such studies have, of course, been aided greatly by the development of the tools at the disposal of the investigators. For example, specific surface analytical techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, and the increasingly sophisticated methods of stress analysis and fracture mechanics have been put to good use in furthering our understanding of the science of adhesion and adhesives. The present book attempts to review the multidisciplined subject of adhesion and adhesives, considering both the science and technology involved in the formation and mechanical performance of adhesive joints. The author would like to thank his friends and colleagues for useful discus sions and help in the preparation of this book. I am particularly grateful to P. Cawley, J. Comyn, W. A. Lees, A. C. Roulin-Moloney, W. C. Wake, J. G. Williams and R. J. Young who have read and commented on various chapters and P. Farr for preparing the diagrams. |
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Page 3
... typically used for joining thick metallic components , unless the bonded area is large or the adhesive is kept in compression . ( d ) Non - destructive test methods for adhesive joints are relatively limited compared to those used with ...
... typically used for joining thick metallic components , unless the bonded area is large or the adhesive is kept in compression . ( d ) Non - destructive test methods for adhesive joints are relatively limited compared to those used with ...
Page 19
... typical bond energies [ 1,2 ] Туре Permanent dipole - dipole interactions : Hydrogen bonds involving fluorine Hydrogen bonds excluding fluorine Other dipole - dipole ( excluding hydrogen ) bonds Dipole - induced dipole Dispersion ...
... typical bond energies [ 1,2 ] Туре Permanent dipole - dipole interactions : Hydrogen bonds involving fluorine Hydrogen bonds excluding fluorine Other dipole - dipole ( excluding hydrogen ) bonds Dipole - induced dipole Dispersion ...
Page 22
... liquid drop , which is typically dispensed by a syringe . As discussed by Rance [ 6 ] , it is best to let the needle remain in the drop during measurements to avoid unnecessary vibration or distortion of the drop ;. 22 INTERFACIAL CONTACT.
... liquid drop , which is typically dispensed by a syringe . As discussed by Rance [ 6 ] , it is best to let the needle remain in the drop during measurements to avoid unnecessary vibration or distortion of the drop ;. 22 INTERFACIAL CONTACT.
Page 24
... typically greater than 500 mJ / m2 . 2.4.1 . Low - energy surfaces 2.4.1.1 The critical surface tension The first approach to the characterization of low - energy , polymeric solid surfaces was an empirical one developed by Zisman and ...
... typically greater than 500 mJ / m2 . 2.4.1 . Low - energy surfaces 2.4.1.1 The critical surface tension The first approach to the characterization of low - energy , polymeric solid surfaces was an empirical one developed by Zisman and ...
Page 26
... Polypropylene 31 35.0 31.3 1.1 32.4 35.7 31 30.2 Typical amine - cured epoxy Rubber - toughened epoxy 52 61 1185 41.2 5.0 46.2 37.2 8.3 45.5 | Acrylonitrile - butadiene rubber 26.5 9.5 36.0 Ys Ys Ys Surface free energy ( mJ / m2.
... Polypropylene 31 35.0 31.3 1.1 32.4 35.7 31 30.2 Typical amine - cured epoxy Rubber - toughened epoxy 52 61 1185 41.2 5.0 46.2 37.2 8.3 45.5 | Acrylonitrile - butadiene rubber 26.5 9.5 36.0 Ys Ys Ys Surface free energy ( mJ / m2.
Contents
18 | |
Mechanisms of adhesion | 56 |
Surface pretreatments | 101 |
References | 164 |
Hardening of the adhesive | 171 |
Mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints | 188 |
Fracture mechanics of adhesive joints | 264 |
The service life of adhesive joints | 339 |
Glossary | 405 |
Author index | 412 |
Subject index | 425 |
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Common terms and phrases
adhesive and substrate adhesive bonding adhesive fracture energy adhesive joints adhesive layer aluminium alloy aluminium oxide anodized Appl Applied Science Pub ASTM behaviour boundary layer bulk butt joint Chem chemical chromic acid Colloid Interf contact angle crack growth crack tip crosslinked Cyanoacrylate discussed effect elastic electron employed environment environmental attack epoxy epoxy adhesive Equation etching example experimental factor Figure fracture mechanics hardening hydrogen bonds increase interface joint failure joint geometry joint strength Kinloch lap joint lap-shear liquid load materials measured mechanical interlocking method mJ/m² modulus molecular molecules occur oxide layer parameters peel energy plastic polyethylene polyimide Polymer Sci polymeric primer rubber rubbery adhesive Section shear stress shown in Fig silane solvent specimen steel strain stress concentrations structural adhesives substrate substrate surface surface free energy surface pretreatment surface regions techniques tensile stresses thickness treatment typically value of G viscoelastic weak boundary layer wetting