Characterization of Catalytic MaterialsCatalytic materials are essential to nearly every commercial and industrial chemical process in order to make reaction times faster and more efficient. Understanding the microstructure of such materials is essential to designing improved catalytic properties. This volume in the materials characterization series reviews the more common types characterization methods used for understanding surface and structural properties of most types of commercially used catalytic materials.
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Page vii
... - Resolution Electron Microscopy 138 Solid State NMR Spectroscopy 139 Framework Composition 139 , Tetrahedral Atom Ordering 141 , New Developments 141 7.6 Adsorption 142 Void Volume 142, Pore Size 143 7.7 Contents vii.
... - Resolution Electron Microscopy 138 Solid State NMR Spectroscopy 139 Framework Composition 139 , Tetrahedral Atom Ordering 141 , New Developments 141 7.6 Adsorption 142 Void Volume 142, Pore Size 143 7.7 Contents vii.
Page 4
... Atomic Figure 1.2 Magnetization of copper–nickel alloys as a function of composition. (Adapted with permission from Reference 11.) absorption spectrochemical analysis and atomic emission–inductively coupled plasma methods are. 4 Chapter ...
... Atomic Figure 1.2 Magnetization of copper–nickel alloys as a function of composition. (Adapted with permission from Reference 11.) absorption spectrochemical analysis and atomic emission–inductively coupled plasma methods are. 4 Chapter ...
Page 5
... atomic weight. Bulk chemical information can also be obtained using electron probe microanaly- sis (EMPA). EMPA instruments generate a high X-ray yield through electron bom- bardment of the sample and are typically equipped with an ...
... atomic weight. Bulk chemical information can also be obtained using electron probe microanaly- sis (EMPA). EMPA instruments generate a high X-ray yield through electron bom- bardment of the sample and are typically equipped with an ...
Page 7
... atomic level resolution. Figure 1.4 is an STM picture obtained on a smooth, reconstructed Au(100) surface. The rough features represent carbon islands on the surface of gold.16 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning ...
... atomic level resolution. Figure 1.4 is an STM picture obtained on a smooth, reconstructed Au(100) surface. The rough features represent carbon islands on the surface of gold.16 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning ...
Page 8
... atomic steps, dislocations, and other features from a REM micrograph, the foreshortening of the image has to be countered via a geo- metrical analysis. So far, REM has mainly been applied to simple cubic structures. The expected step ...
... atomic steps, dislocations, and other features from a REM micrograph, the foreshortening of the image has to be countered via a geo- metrical analysis. So far, REM has mainly been applied to simple cubic structures. The expected step ...
Contents
1 | |
17 | |
3 Bulk Metal Oxides | 47 |
4 Supported Metal Oxides | 69 |
5 Bulk Metal Sulfides | 89 |
6 Supported Metal Sulfides | 109 |
7 Zeolites and Molecular Sieves | 129 |
Methods of Preparation and Characterization | 149 |
LowEnergy Electron Diffraction LEED | 179 |
Mössbauer Spectroscopy | 180 |
Neutron Activation Analysis NAA | 181 |
Neutron Diffraction | 182 |
Physical and Chemical Adsorption for the Measurement of Solid Surface Areas | 183 |
Raman Spectroscopy | 184 |
Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM | 185 |
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy STEM | 186 |
Technique Summaries | 165 |
Auger Electron Spectroscopy AES | 167 |
Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry DSIMS | 168 |
Electron Energyloss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron Microscope EELS | 169 |
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Electron Spin Resonance | 170 |
Electron Microprobe XRay Microanalysis EPMA | 171 |
EnergyDispersive XRay Spectroscopy EDS | 172 |
Extended XRay Absorption Fine Structure EXAFS | 173 |
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR | 174 |
High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy HREELS | 175 |
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS | 176 |
Inductively Coupled PlasmaOptical Emission Spectroscopy ICPOES | 177 |
Ion Scattering Spectroscopy ISS | 178 |
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy STM and SFM | 187 |
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR | 188 |
Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Static SIMS | 189 |
Temperature Programmed Techniques | 190 |
Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM | 191 |
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy UPS | 192 |
XRay Diffraction XRD | 193 |
XRay Fluorescence XRF | 194 |
XRay Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction XRD and AED | 195 |
XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS | 196 |
Index | 197 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid adsorbed adsorption alloys alumina aluminum analysis atoms beam bond bulk metal calcination Catal catalytic activity catalytic behavior catalytic materials cation Chem chemical chemical shifts chemisorption Chemistry cobalt coordination crystalline crystallites desorption determine electron microscopy elements energy EXAFS faujasites Figure function hydrogen hydrogenolysis I. E. Wachs interaction lattice layer measured metal catalysts metal oxide catalysts metal oxide overlayers metal oxide phases microporous Mo ions molecular sieves molecules molybdenum oxide monolayer coverage MoS2 Mössbauer Mössbauer spectroscopy neutron obtained oxide support oxygen particle peak photoelectron pillared clays pore powder preparation probe promoter R. R. Chianelli Raman Raman spectroscopy reaction reduced resolution ruthenium sample single crystal solid solution species spectra spectroscopy structure studies sulfides sulfur supported metal oxide surface area surface metal oxide synchrotron techniques temperature temperature-programmed thiophene tion transmission electron microscopy two-dimensional metal oxide X-ray absorption X-ray diffraction XANES zeolites