Characterization of Catalytic MaterialsCatalytic materials are essential to nearly every commercial and industrial chemical process in order to make reaction times faster and more efficient. Understanding the microstructure of such materials is essential to designing improved catalytic properties. This volume in the materials characterization series reviews the more common types characterization methods used for understanding surface and structural properties of most types of commercially used catalytic materials.
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Page v
... Preparation of Bulk Alloy or Bimetallic Catalysts 2 Bulk Metal Characterization Methods 4 Bulk Chemical Analysis 4, Determination of Crystal Structure 5, Morphology and Microstructure 6, Quantification of Surface Area 8, Surface ...
... Preparation of Bulk Alloy or Bimetallic Catalysts 2 Bulk Metal Characterization Methods 4 Bulk Chemical Analysis 4, Determination of Crystal Structure 5, Morphology and Microstructure 6, Quantification of Surface Area 8, Surface ...
Page vi
... Preparation for Measurements 32, Interpretation of Information 32, Strengths and Weaknesses of XAS 36 Mössbauer Spectroscopy 37 Photoelectron/Photoemission Spectroscopy 38 2.9 Magnetic Methods 42 2.10 Summary 43 BULK METAL OXIDES 3.1 ...
... Preparation for Measurements 32, Interpretation of Information 32, Strengths and Weaknesses of XAS 36 Mössbauer Spectroscopy 37 Photoelectron/Photoemission Spectroscopy 38 2.9 Magnetic Methods 42 2.10 Summary 43 BULK METAL OXIDES 3.1 ...
Page vii
Israel E. Wachs. BULK METAL SULFIDES 5.1 5.2 Introduction 89 Preparation of Bulk TMS Catalysts 90 Binary Sulfides 90 , Mixed Metal Sulfides 91 5.3 Bulk Characterization 5.4 92 Structures of TMS and Stable Catalytic Phases 92 , Morphology ...
Israel E. Wachs. BULK METAL SULFIDES 5.1 5.2 Introduction 89 Preparation of Bulk TMS Catalysts 90 Binary Sulfides 90 , Mixed Metal Sulfides 91 5.3 Bulk Characterization 5.4 92 Structures of TMS and Stable Catalytic Phases 92 , Morphology ...
Page viii
... PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 8.1 Introduction 149 8.2 Synthesis Methods 151 8.3 Properties of Pillared Clays 152 X-ray Diffraction Pattern 152, Elemental Analysis 153, Electron Microscopy 154, Pore Structure by Adsorption–Desorption ...
... PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 8.1 Introduction 149 8.2 Synthesis Methods 151 8.3 Properties of Pillared Clays 152 X-ray Diffraction Pattern 152, Elemental Analysis 153, Electron Microscopy 154, Pore Structure by Adsorption–Desorption ...
Page xv
... Preparation and Characterization Bulk Metal Sulfides Zeolites and Molecular Sieves Zeolites and Molecular Sieves Supported Metals Alumina Pillared Clays: Methods of Preparation and Characterization Supported Metal Sulfides Bulk Metals ...
... Preparation and Characterization Bulk Metal Sulfides Zeolites and Molecular Sieves Zeolites and Molecular Sieves Supported Metals Alumina Pillared Clays: Methods of Preparation and Characterization Supported Metal Sulfides Bulk Metals ...
Contents
1 | |
17 | |
3 Bulk Metal Oxides | 47 |
4 Supported Metal Oxides | 69 |
5 Bulk Metal Sulfides | 89 |
6 Supported Metal Sulfides | 109 |
7 Zeolites and Molecular Sieves | 129 |
Methods of Preparation and Characterization | 149 |
LowEnergy Electron Diffraction LEED | 179 |
Mössbauer Spectroscopy | 180 |
Neutron Activation Analysis NAA | 181 |
Neutron Diffraction | 182 |
Physical and Chemical Adsorption for the Measurement of Solid Surface Areas | 183 |
Raman Spectroscopy | 184 |
Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM | 185 |
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy STEM | 186 |
Technique Summaries | 165 |
Auger Electron Spectroscopy AES | 167 |
Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry DSIMS | 168 |
Electron Energyloss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron Microscope EELS | 169 |
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Electron Spin Resonance | 170 |
Electron Microprobe XRay Microanalysis EPMA | 171 |
EnergyDispersive XRay Spectroscopy EDS | 172 |
Extended XRay Absorption Fine Structure EXAFS | 173 |
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR | 174 |
High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy HREELS | 175 |
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS | 176 |
Inductively Coupled PlasmaOptical Emission Spectroscopy ICPOES | 177 |
Ion Scattering Spectroscopy ISS | 178 |
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy STM and SFM | 187 |
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR | 188 |
Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Static SIMS | 189 |
Temperature Programmed Techniques | 190 |
Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM | 191 |
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy UPS | 192 |
XRay Diffraction XRD | 193 |
XRay Fluorescence XRF | 194 |
XRay Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction XRD and AED | 195 |
XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS | 196 |
Index | 197 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid adsorbed adsorption alloys alumina aluminum analysis atoms beam bond bulk metal calcination Catal catalytic activity catalytic behavior catalytic materials cation Chem chemical chemical shifts chemisorption Chemistry cobalt coordination crystalline crystallites desorption determine electron microscopy elements energy EXAFS faujasites Figure function hydrogen hydrogenolysis I. E. Wachs interaction lattice layer measured metal catalysts metal oxide catalysts metal oxide overlayers metal oxide phases microporous Mo ions molecular sieves molecules molybdenum oxide monolayer coverage MoS2 Mössbauer Mössbauer spectroscopy neutron obtained oxide support oxygen particle peak photoelectron pillared clays pore powder preparation probe promoter R. R. Chianelli Raman Raman spectroscopy reaction reduced resolution ruthenium sample single crystal solid solution species spectra spectroscopy structure studies sulfides sulfur supported metal oxide surface area surface metal oxide synchrotron techniques temperature temperature-programmed thiophene tion transmission electron microscopy two-dimensional metal oxide X-ray absorption X-ray diffraction XANES zeolites