Cognitive LinguisticsCognitive Linguistics argues that language is governed by general cognitive principles, rather than by a special-purpose language module. This introductory textbook surveys the field of cognitive linguistics as a distinct area of study, presenting its theoretical foundations and the arguments supporting it. Clearly organised and accessibly written, it provides a useful introduction to the relationship between language and cognitive processing in the human brain. It covers the main topics likely to be encountered in a course or seminar, and provides a synthesis of study and research in this fast-growing field of linguistics. The authors begin by explaining the conceptual structures and cognitive processes governing linguistic representation and behaviour, and go on to explore cognitive approaches to lexical semantics, as well as syntactic representation and analysis, focusing on the closely related frameworks of cognitive grammar and construction grammar. This much-needed introduction will be welcomed by students in linguistics and cognitive science. |
Contents
Introduction what is cognitive linguistics? | 1 |
Frames domains spaces the organization of conceptual structure | 7 |
profileframe organization | 14 |
23 Some consequences of the profileframedomain distinction | 16 |
24 Extensions of the basic profileframedomain distinction | 22 |
242 Scope of predication | 23 |
243 Relationships between domains | 24 |
25 Domains and idealized cognitive models | 28 |
614 Taxonymy | 147 |
62 Lexical aspects of the partwhole relation | 150 |
621 The partwhole relation | 151 |
622 Meronymy | 159 |
A dynamic construal approach to sense relations II antonymy and complementarity | 164 |
712 Main varieties of opposite | 165 |
713 Goodnessofexemplar in opposites | 166 |
72 Complementarity | 167 |
26 Mental spaces | 32 |
Conceptualization and construal operations | 40 |
32 Attentionsalience | 46 |
321 Selection | 47 |
322 Scope of attention dominion | 50 |
323 Scalar adjustment | 51 |
324 Dynamic attention | 53 |
33 Judgementcomparison | 54 |
332 Metaphor | 55 |
333 Figureground alignment | 56 |
34 Perspectivesituated ness | 58 |
341 Viewpoint | 59 |
343 Subjectivity | 62 |
35 ConstitutionGestalt | 63 |
352 Force dynamics | 66 |
353 Relationality entityinterconnection | 67 |
36 Conclusion | 69 |
Categories concepts and meanings | 74 |
42 The classical model of category structure | 76 |
43 The prototype model of category structure | 77 |
432 The representation of conceptual categories | 81 |
433 Levels of categorization | 82 |
434 Shortcomings of prototype theory | 87 |
435 The framebased account of prototype effects | 91 |
44 A dynamic construal approach to conceptual categories | 92 |
441 Category boundaries | 93 |
442 Frames | 95 |
443 Levels of categorization | 96 |
45 The dynamic construal of meaning | 97 |
451 Contextualized interpretation | 98 |
452 Purport | 100 |
453 Constraints | 101 |
454 Construal | 103 |
46 Structural and logical aspects of meaning | 104 |
Concluding remarks | 105 |
Polysemy the construal of sense boundaries | 109 |
52 Full sense boundaries | 110 |
521 Homonymy and polysemy | 111 |
523 Boundary effects | 112 |
524 The nature of full sense units | 115 |
53 Subsense units with nearsense properties | 116 |
532 Microsenses | 126 |
533 Waysofseeing | 137 |
534 Semantic components and lowautonomy active zones | 138 |
535 Contextual modulation | 140 |
A dynamic construal approach to sense relations I hyponymy and meronymy | 141 |
612 Hyponymy and context | 143 |
615 Relations between lexical items | 146 |
73 Antonymy | 169 |
polar antonyms | 173 |
733 Biscalar systems | 181 |
74 Variable construal of antonyms and complementaries | 185 |
742 Scale features | 189 |
75 Conclusion | 192 |
Metaphor | 193 |
82 The conceptual theory of metaphor | 194 |
822 Issues in the conceptual theory of metaphor | 198 |
83 Novel metaphor | 204 |
832 How do we recognize metaphors? | 206 |
833 Blending Theory and novel metaphors | 207 |
834 Context sensitivity | 209 |
835 Asymmetry of vehicle and target | 210 |
84 Metaphor and simile | 211 |
843 Metaphorsimile combinations | 215 |
85 Metaphor and metonymy | 216 |
852 Metaphormetonymy relations | 217 |
853 Types of indeterminacy | 219 |
86 Conclusion | 220 |
From idioms to construction grammar | 225 |
92 The problem of idioms | 229 |
93 Idioms as constructions | 236 |
94 From constructions to construction grammar | 247 |
An overview of construction grammars | 257 |
1012 The organization of constructional knowledge | 262 |
102 Some current theories of construction grammar | 265 |
102 7 Construction Grammar Fillmore Kay et al | 266 |
1022 Lakoff 1987 and Goldberg 1995 | 272 |
1023 Cognitive Grammar as a construction grammar | 278 |
1024 Radical Construction Grammar | 283 |
103 Conclusion | 290 |
The usagebased model | 291 |
112 The usagebased model in morphology | 292 |
1122 Regularity productivity and default status | 295 |
1123 Productoriented schemas | 300 |
1124 Network organization of word forms | 302 |
1125 Conclusion | 307 |
113 The usagebased model in syntax | 308 |
1132 Productoriented syntactic schemas | 313 |
1133 Relevance and the organization of construction networks | 318 |
1134 The acquisition of syntax and syntactic change | 323 |
114 Conclusion | 326 |
Conclusion cognitive linguistics and beyond | 328 |
References | 330 |
| 344 | |
| 347 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adjective analysis antonyms argues argument argument structure constructions autonomy basic level boundary Bybee chapter Cognitive Grammar cognitive linguistics complex components concept constraints construal operations construed context conventional corresponding Croft Cruse default construal defined deixis described distinct elements English entity entrenched example facets fact Fauconnier figure-ground Fillmore frame semantics function Goldberg grammatical knowledge hyperonymic hyponymy idiomatically combining expressions idioms illustrated image schemas inflected instance interpretation Lakoff Langacker language lexical items lexical semantics lexicon mapping meaning metaphor metonymy microsenses morphological normal notion noun novel Nunberg part-whole past tense phonological phrase plural polysemy pragmatic predicate presupposes properties prototype prototype theory Radical Construction Grammar reading reference relation relative relevant representation represented role rules scale schematic idiom sense sentence simile space speaker specific superordinate syntactic syntax Talmy target domain taxonomic theory token frequency truth-conditional semantics type frequency usage-based model utterance verb word forms