Longfellow's "The Skeleton in Armor," Margaret J. Preston's "The Mystery of Cro-a-tán," James Barron Hope's "John Smith's Approach to Jamestown," Thackeray's "Pocahontas," Geo. P. Morris's "Pocahontas," Longfellow's "The Phantom Ship," Whittier's "The Garrison of Cape Ann," Felicia Hemans's Landing of the Pilgrims," Wordsworth's "The Pilgrim Fathers," Clinton Scollard's "The First Thanksgiving," Lucy Larcom's "Mistress Hale of Beverley," Whittier's "John Underhill," Stedman's "Salem," Whittier's "St. John," James K. Paulding's "Ode to Jamestown," and Longfellow's "The Courtship of Miles Standish." Many other poems dealing with this period will be found in Stevenson's "Poems of American History (Houghton).

The following historical novels illustrate this period: Mary Johnston's "To Have and to Hold" (1621), Mrs. J. G. Austin's "Standish of Standish " (about 1620), J. G. Holland's "The Bay Path" (1638), Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter" (1650), Mary E. Wilkins's "The Heart's Highway" (1682), and Amelia E. Barr's "The Black Shilling" (1691), introducing witchcraft trials at Salem and Boston.

DAVID BRAINERD (1718-1747). Missionary to the Indians. A man of strong. mental powers, fervent zeal, and extensive knowledge. "Mirabilia Dei inter Indicos" and "Divine Grace Displayed" are made up of his missionary journals.

MATHER BYLES (1706-1788). Congregational preacher, poet, and wit, of Boston. He published a volume of poems in 1736.

THOMAS HUTCHINSON (1711-1780). A native and the last royal governor of Massachusetts. The best American historian before the nineteenth century, his greatest work being "The History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay."

SAMUEL SEWALL (1652–1730). A graduate of Harvard, and chief-justice of Massachusetts in 1718. Among his works are "Answer to Queries respecting America," and especially his "Diary," which presents an interesting and graphic account of Puritan life in the seventeenth century. MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH (1631–1705). Congregational clergyman at Malden, Mass. His "Day of Doom," an epic of the Last Judgment, was for more than a century the most popular poem in New England. "God's Controversy with New England," written in a time of great drought, is also in

verse.

MIDDLE COLONIES

WILLIAM LIVINGSTON (1723-1790). A statesman, governor of New Jersey 1776-1790. Author of "Philosophic Solitude” in verse, “Military Operations in North America," and a "Digest of the Laws of New York." (See text.)

SAMUEL DAVIES (1724-1761). Presbyterian clergyman, and fourth president of Princeton College. He wrote a number of hymns still in use, and published five volumes of sermons popular in their day.

THOMAS GODFREY (1736-1763). First dramatic author in America.

Served

as a lieutenant in the colonial militia. Author of "Juvenile Poems on Various Subjects with the Prince of Parthia, a Tragedy." (See text.)

VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA

Founder of the cities of Richmond and Peters"History of the Dividing Line" between Virginia "one of the most delightful of the literary legacies

WILLIAM BYRD (1674-1744).
burg. Author of the
and North Carolina
of the colonial age."

JAMES BLAIR (1656-1743). Founder of William and Mary College. Author of "The Present State of Virginia and the College," and "Our Saviour's Divine Sermon on the Mount."

WILLIAM STITH (1689-1755). President of William and Mary College, and author of the "History of the First Discovery and Settlement of Virginia" "in accuracy of detail not exceeded by any American historical work." JOHN LAWSON (16—1712). Surveyor-general of North Carolina, burned at the stake by the Indians. The story of his adventures and observations was published under the title "History of North Carolina."

CONTEMPORARY WRITERS IN ENGLAND

JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704); JOSEPH BUTLER (1692-1752); DANIEL DEFOE (1663-1731); SAMUEL RICHARDSON (1689-1761); HENRY FIELDING (1707-1754); JONATHAN SWIFT (1667-1745); JAMES THOMPSON (17001748); EDWARD YOUNG (1681-1765).

II

SECOND COLONIAL PERIOD

(1689-1763)

64. Growth of a Nation. The early history of America has a peculiar interest for those who perceive the relation of its events to the subsequent development of the country. The growth of a great nation can be clearly traced step by step. Great interests were involved in the success or failure of apparently small enterprises. The life of a nation - principles, upon which the welfare of future millions depended — was often at stake in some obscure and apparently insignificant struggle.

65. A Guiding Hand. — The history of this period, with its small exploring parties, savage massacres, and petty military campaigns, seems at first sight to be a confused mass of disconnected events. But in the life of nations, as of individuals, "there is a divinity that shapes our ends;" and throughout all the maze of injustice, tyranny, and bloodshed, it is now possible to discern the divine purpose. God was keeping watch by the cradle of a great people.

66. New Stage of Progress. With the beginning of the eighteenth century, America entered upon a new stage of progress. All the thirteen colonies, except Georgia, had been established. The toil and dangers of early settlement had been overcome. The colonies had largely increased in population; and agriculture, manufacture, and commerce had made a substantial beginning. By the close of the period the population of the colonies had reached more than a million and a half. In 1738 forty-one topsail vessels, averaging a hundred and fifty tons, were built in Boston.

67. Schools and Newspapers. The educational interests of the colonies kept pace with their material advancement. In New England there was not an adult, born in this country, who could not read and write. During this period seven colleges Yale, Princeton, King's (now Columbia), Brown, Queen's (afterwards Rutgers), Dartmouth, and HampdenSidney were founded. In 1704 the News-Letter, the first periodical of the New World, was published in Boston; and before the close of the French and Indian War in 1763, ten other newspapers had made their appearance in various colonies. The press at last became free. Official censorship received its death-blow in New York in 1734, when Andrew Hamilton, an aged lawyer of Philadelphia, addressed the jury in behalf of an imprisoned printer: "The question before you is not the cause of a poor printer, nor of New York alone; it is the best cause the cause of liberty. Every man who prefers freedom to a life of slavery will bless and honor you as men who, by an impartial verdict, lay a noble foundation for securing to ourselves, our posterity, and our neighbors, that to which nature and the honor of our country have given us a right the liberty of opposing arbitrary power by speaking and writing truth."