Elements of ChemistryJ. Anderson & Company, 1814 - Chemistry |
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absorbed acid gas aërial aëriform affinity affords alkalis alkohol ammonia appears argil atmospheric air attraction barytes base Berthollet bodies boiling burning carbonic acid charcoal chemical action cohesion cold colour combination combustion composition compound condensed contains cooling crystals decomposed decomposition degree deliquescent diluted disengaged dissolved earths effect elastic fluid electricity equal established evaporation excited exerted exists experiments exposed freezing galvanic gases Gay-Lussac glass glucine hence hydrogen hypothesis ignition inflammable less light lime liquid magnesia matter melts metallic oxides mixture muriatic acid muriatic acid gas named neutral nitric acid nitrogen nitrous obtained operation oxide oxygen gas oxymuriatic acid oxymuriatic gas particles peculiar phosphoric acid phosphorus portion potash potassium principle produced properties proportions quantity of caloric quicksilver rays red heat regard result salts silex similar soda solid solution specific gravity strontites substances sulphate sulphuric acid surface temperature thermometer tion tube vapour volatile volume water of crystallization weight
Popular passages
Page 12 - Its analysis is indefinite ; its termination will have been attained only when the real elements of bodies shall have been detected, and all their modifications traced : but how remote this may be from its present state we cannot judge. Nor can we, from our present knowledge, form any just conception of the stages of discovery through which it has yet to pass.
Page 29 - ... and upon which the crystallization commences. The access of air and light exerts an important influence, also, on the crystallization of certain salts. — An enlargement of volume is often produced by crystallization, as in the examples of ice, of several metals, and of a number of salts ; while, in other cases, the reverse is the case, the volume of the crystallized substance being less than while it existed in the liquid state — differences evidently depending on the mode in which the particles...
Page 343 - I was able to distil the quicksilver from it to the greatest extent, the tube unfortunately broke, whilst warm ; and at the moment that the air entered, the metal, which had the colour and lustre of silver, instantly took fire, and burnt with an intense white light into quicklime. The metal from magnesia seemed to act upon the glass, even before the whole of the quicksilver was distilled from it. In an experiment in which I stopped the process before the mercury was entirely driven off, it appeared...
Page 28 - ... towards it, and if this attraction suddenly cease to operate, the force of cohesion is resumed, and the solid substance appears in the form of a powder. This latter case forms the chemical operation denominated precipitation. — But, if the force of cohesion is exerted more slowly, the particles are united, not indiscriminately, but usually with regularity, so as to form masses of regular structure and figure, bounded by plane surfaces and determinate angles. This forms the operation of crystallization;...
Page 59 - I had observed are but particular instances of the more general observations of Mr Dalton, that in all cases the simple elements of bodies are disposed to unite atom to atom singly, or, if either is in excess, it exceeds by some simple multiple of the number of its atoms.
Page 231 - Portions of muriatic acid, of soda, and of other alkalies and acids, appear at the opposite poles, even when distilled water alone is employed, proving that these substances, in the condition of neutral salts, exist in all waters, however purified they may be by art. From these researches, the general law is established, that when compounds are placed in the galvanic circuit, their elements are separated from the state of combination in which they exist, and, according to their peculiar nature, are...
Page 162 - And this separation is the cause of the solid form which the fluid assumes. 2. When a liquid body is raised to the boiling temperature by the continued and copious application of heat, its particles suddenly attract to themselves a great quantity of heat, and by this combination their mutual relation is so changed, that they no longer attract each other, but are converted into an elastic fluid-like air.
Page 509 - The cloth is lastly immersed in very dilute sulphuric acid, which gives it a pure white i-olor ; after which it is washed and dried. Chloride of magnesia has been substituted, with great advantage, for that of lime, in whitening cloth for calico printing ; • the cloth, when lime is used, retaining a little of it, which, in the subsequent operation of clearing by immersion in weak sulphuric acid, forms sulphate of lime, which remains, and affects the colors when it is dyed ; while the sulphate of...
Page 107 - A do not repel those of B, as they do one another. Consequently, the pressure or whole weight upon any one particle arises solely from those of its own kind. " 2. The force of steam from all liquids is the same at equal distances above or below the several temperatures at which they boil in the open air: and that force is the same under any pressure of another elastic fluid as it is in vacua.
Page 454 - ... sulphate of magnesia and carbonate of potash, separately, in twice their weight of water ; mixing them together, and diluting with eight parts of warm water ; the magnesia attracts the carbonic acid, and the compound, being insoluble, is precipitated, while the sulphate of potash that remains continues ' in solution. The mixture is made to boil for a few minutes ; after cooling a little, it is poured upon a filtre ; the clear fluid runs through, and the precipitate of carbonate of magnesia is...