BIBLIOGRAPHY

Notes on References

A good start on researching the Bonneville Power Administration can be made by screening the annual reports.

The research methodology here used consisted of a grid approach with first a horizontal or overview search followed by specific, vertical study in depth on the particular policy, program or activity.

The horizontal method helps in identifying major policies, development of the table of contents, formulating a chronology, and, very importantly, looking at the external relationships.

The vertical approach may disclose that the documentation and explanation is already available or expert members of the BPA staff can put their hands on useful files. Moreover, these specialists can double check the draft of the chapter for accuracy. The vertical approach is characteristically detailed and specific.

Sources for an overview on BPA include the annual reports, the annual budget justifications and the resulting appropriations, minutes of the Bonneville Advisory Board 1938-1964, minutes of the Bonneville Regional Advisory Council 1944-1978, and minutes of the Executive Committee and later the Administrator's staff meeting, the Advance Program and later the Power Outlook. Speeches of the Administrator and the Administrator's monthly reading file can help in tracking the development of a policy or program.

Useful internal sources are the position papers prepared each year for the Administrator to use at the budget hearings of the Department and of the Office of Management and Budget.

Many of the references listed here are either external to BPA and Columbia River development, or they deal with policies which originated before BPA came into being. These references provide much light on the context or stream of events within which BPA exists and functions.

The BPA library has most of the sources or can obtain them on loan. Least used for this history was the Federal Record Center at Seattle. Future historians should explore the possibilities there more extensively.

For a more extensive documentation on BPA see the recently published BPA bibliog

Davis, Lillian. History of the Bonneville Power Administration. Portland, Oregon: BPA, 1943, unpublished.

The Bonneville Power Administration and the War. Portland, Oregon: BPA, 1945, unpublished. Sharkansky, Ira. Public Administration, Policy-Making in Government Agencies. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co., 2nd ed., 1973.

Springer, Vera M. Power and the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: BPA, 1976. 1. Where Rolls the Oregon Baker, Victor R. "The Spokane Flood Controversy and the Martian Outflow Channel." Science 202 (1978): 1249-1256. Cites 63 references.

Borden, Charles E. "Peopling and Early Cultures of the Pacific Northwest: A View from British Columbia, Canada." Science 203 (1979): 963-971. References. This authoritative summary presents the hypothesis of two migrations into the Pacific Northwest about 15,000 and 9,000 years ago.

Carver, Jonathan. Travels in Interior Parts of America. 1778.

Coues, Elliot, editor. History of the Expedition of Lewis and Clark. (Coues edition of the Biddle 1814 edition) 4 vols. New York: Francis P. Harper, 1893. Reprinted in 3 paperback volumes 1965, 1979, New York: Dover Publications. Includes bibliographical introduction and extensive footnotes.

Cutright, Paul Russell. A History of the Lewis and Clark Journals. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976. Bibliography, footnotes and appendices.

Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969. Excellent bibliography 12 p, appendices listing plants and animals observed, and an appendix listing locations of materials, diaries, dried plants, and letters mainly at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia; Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis; National Archives; and Library of Congress. Cutter, Donald C. "The Return of Malaspina." The American West 15 (1978): De Voto, Bernard, editor. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. (Condensed from Thwaites edition), Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1953. Reprinted in paperback.

Farmer, Judith A. An Historical Atlas of Early Oregon. Portland, Oregon: Historical Cartographic Publications, 1973. Excellent maps and bibliography.

Harris, Stephen L. Fire and Ice - The Cas

cade Volcanoes. Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1976. Bibliography.

Hill, Mary. Geology of the Sierra Nevada. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. Excellent maps and bibliography. Johansen, Dorothy O. Empire of the Columbia: A History of the Pacific Northwest. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Lyman, William Denison. The Columbia River: Its History, Its Myths, Its Scenery, Its Commerce, Including a Section on the River Today. 4th ed. Portland: Binfords & Mort, 1963. First edition was published in 1909.

McKee, Bates. Cascadia: The Geologic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest. New York: McGraw, 1972. Good annotated references and glossary.

U.S. Congress. House. The Columbia River. H. Doc. 413, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 1950. Report by the Bureau of Reclamation, emphasizing irrigation and upstream portions of the Columbia River basin.

Columbia River and Minor Tributaries. Letter from the Secretary of War dated March 29, 1932. 2 v. H. Doc. 103, 73d Cong., 1st Sess., 1933. Often referred to as the 308 report on the Columbia River. For a brief description of the Columbia River and its basin, see v. 1, pp. 22-23. More detailed data is in v. 2, pp. 572-686. The section of the Columbia below the mouth of the Snake River is covered in v. 2, pp. 1407-1493.

Columbia River and Tributaries. 8 v. H. Doc. 531, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 1950-51. This is the 1948 revision of the 1932 Army report. V. 1, pp. 46-99, includes a description of the geography and topography of the basin.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington: The Geologic Story of the Spokane Flood. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. Pamphlet.

Writers Program, Oregon. Oregon: End of the Trail. rev. ed. with added material by Howard McKinley Corning. American Guide Series. Portland: Binfords & Mort, 1951. Contains useful chronology and bibliography.

2. The Conservation Heritage

U.S. Congress. Senate. Theodore Roosevelt and the Conservation Movement. S. Doc. 121, 85th Cong., 2d Sess., 1958. Smith, Frank E. The Politics of Conservation. New York: Random House, 1966. Authoritative, well balanced, comprehensive, and readable. Good bibliography. Porter, Kirk H. and Johnson, Donald Bruce, eds. National Party Platforms 1840-1964. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1967.

Random House, 1974.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed. Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1904. Reprinted New York: Arno Press, 1969. Of the 8 volumes, the last consists of a case containing some 60 maps, most drawn by Clark. This set is the most complete of the Journals and appendices.

the Arid Region of the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1879.

The Exploration of the Colorado River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957. Stegner, Wallace. Beyond the Hundredth Meridian John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin, 1954.

Robinson, Forrest G. and Margaret G. "An Interview with Wallace Stegner." The American West (magazine) Jan./Feb. 1978, Vol. XV, No. 1.

Bessey, Roy F. Pacific Northwest Regional Planning: A Review. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, 1963.

Darrah, W. C. Powell of the Colorado. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951. U.S. Geological Survey. The Colorado River Region and John Wesley Powell. Geological Survey Professional Paper 669. Washington: GPO. 1969. Good bibliography on Powell.

John Wesley Powell's Exploration of the Colorado River. Washington: GPO 1974.

John Wesley Powell, Soldier, Explorer, Scientist. Washington: GPO. 1970.

Roosevelt, Theodore. Theodore Roosevelt, An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillian Co., 1913.

U.S. Congress. Proceedings of a Conference of Governors. (in the White House, Washington, D.C. May 13-15, 1908), Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office, 1909.

McGeary, M. Nelson. Gifford PinchotForester-Politician. Princeton: Princeton University Press., 1960.

Pinchot, Gifford. Breaking New Ground. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1910.

Bartlett, Richard A. Great Surveys of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1962. Covers the Hayden, King, Powell, and Wheeler surveys. Good bibliography.

Nixon, Edgar B., editor. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Conservation - 1911-1945. 2 vol., Hyde Park, N.Y.: General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Service, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, 1957.

Udall, Stewart L. The Quiet Crisis. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.

3. Toward a National Power Policy Funigiello, Philip J. Toward a National Power Policy. (The New Deal and the Electric Utility Industry, 1933-1941) Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973. Good summary on financial manipulations of utility holding companies and utility propaganda. Excellent bibliography.

Gruening, Ernest. The Public Pays and Still Pays: A Study of Power Propaganda. New York: Vanguard, 1964. Revised from his 1931 book, The Public Pays.

Kerwin, Jerome G. Federal Water Power Legislation. New York: Columbia University Press, 1926. Good narrative. Well documented.

King, Judson. The Conservation Fight From Theodore Roosevelt to the Tennessee Valley Authority. Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1959.

Kleinsorge, Paul L. The Boulder Canyon Project. Stanford University Press, 1940. MacColl, E. Kimbark. The Growth of a City Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915-1950. Portland, OR: Georgian Press, 1979.

McGraw, Thomas K. TVA and the Power Fight, 1933-1939. Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott, 1971.

Ramsay, M. L. Pyramids of Power. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1937.

Raushenbush, Stephen. The Power Fight.
New York: New Republic, 1932.
Rosenman, Samuel O., comp. The Public
Papers and Addresses of Franklin D.
Roosevelt. New York: Russell & Russell,
1938-1950.

Thompson, Carl D. Confessions of the Power
Trust. New York: Dutton, 1932.
Zucker, Norman L. George W. Norris Gentle
Knight of American Democracy. Urbana:
University of Illinois Press, 1966.

U.S. Federal Trade Commission. Utility
Corporations. Senate Document 92, 70th

Congr., 1st Sess., Parts 1-84. Washington: GPO. 1928-1935. This is the famous sixfoot shelf on utility holding companies.

4. The Great Depression - The Setting for Policy

Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash.

3d ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. McDonald, Forrest. Insull. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Mitchell, Sidney A. S. Z. Mitchell and the Electrical Industry. New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1960.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. The Age of Roosevelt: 3 v. The Crisis of the Old Order, 1957. The Coming of the New Deal, 1959. The Politics of Upheaval, 1960. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Excellent documentation.

National Electric Light Association. Statistical Data for the Electric Light and Power Industry for the Year 1926. Statistical Bulletin No. 1, December 1927. Other bulletins to 1933. Series continued by Edison Electric Institute to present. President's Research Committee on Social Trends. Recent Social Trends in the United States. Report on the President's Research Committee on Social Trends. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1933.

U.S. Federal Trade Commission. Annual Report, 1928-1935. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1929-1936. Rosenman, Samuel I., comp. The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt. New York: Russell & Russell, in 13 volumes. 1938-1960.

5. Lightning Strikes Twice

Lockley, Fred, and Dana, Marshall L. "More Power to You." Portland, OR: The Oregon Journal, 1934.

Neuberger, Richard L. Our Promised Land. New York: Macmillan, 1938.

Ogden, Daniel M., Jr. "The Development of Federal Power Policy in the Pacific Northwest." 2 v. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1949. A pioneering study of the relation of the Federal Power Policy to the practical challenges of the Pacific Northwest to 1949. Sundborg, George. Hail Columbia: The Thirty-Year Struggle for Grand Coulee Dam. New York: Macmillan, 1954. Washington (State). Department of Conservation and Development. Columbia Basin

Irrigation Project, State of Washington, A Report. by George W. Goethals and Co., Olympia, WA: Department of Conservation and Development, 1922.

6. Planning Paid Dividends

Case, Robert Ormond. "Eighth World Wonder." Saturday Evening Post 208 (July 13, 1935): 23+.

Davenport, Walter. "Power in the Wilderness: Grand Coulee and Bonneville." Colliers 96 (Sept. 21, 1935): 10 11+.

Marshall, Jim. "Dam of Doubt." Colliers 99 (June 19, 1937): 19+.

Taylor, Frank J. "The White Elephant Comes into Its Own." Saturday Evening Post 215 (June 5, 1943): 26 27+.

Woods, Rufus. The 23-Years' Battle for Grand Coulee Dam. Wenatchee, WA: Wenatchee Daily World, 1944.

River and Harbor Act of 1925. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 43 (1923-25.) Requested Secretary of War to prepare estimated costs of surveys and investigations of U.S. rivers for power and other purposes.

River and Harbor Act of 1927. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 44 (1925-27.) Directs Secretary of War to make the surveys.

U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of
the Rocky Mountain Region. Report on the
Lands of the Arid Region of the United
States. by John Wesley Powell, ed., by
Wallace Stegner. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, Belknap Press, 1962.
Originally published by GPO in 1879.
U.S. Congress. House. Estimate of Cost of
Examinations, etc., of Stream Where
Power Development Appears Feasible. H.
Doc. 308, 69th Cong., 1st Sess., 1926. This
was the real 308 report which led to sub-
sequent reports being called "308" reports.

7. The Transmission Issue Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288 (1936).

Beard, George L. "Canadian-United States Development of the Columbia River as Related to Arrangements for Power Development in the U.S. Pacific Northwest." Presented at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Water Management Research Group Conference, Washington, D.C., July 16, 1970. (Mimeographed.) This gives a good perspective on the Federal Columbia River Power System as of 1970.

Dick, Wesley A. "Visions of Abundance: The Public Power Crusade in the Pacific Northwest in the Era of J. D. Ross and the New Deal." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1973. Useful bibliography.

Pennsylvania. Giant Power Survey Board. Report of the Giant Power Survey Board to the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, PA: Telegraph Printing Co., 1925. Prepared by Morris Llewellyn Cooke. Message of transmittal by Governor Gifford Pinchot. Bibliography p. 389-409 is excellent as of 1924, and includes many citations to the First World Power Conference, London, 1924. Pinchot advocated statewide grid systems.

Oregon. Bonneville Commission. Report of the Bonneville Commission on Matters Relating to Bonneville Power Development to the Thirty-Eighth Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. Salem, OR: State Printing Dept., 1934.

Oregon, University of. Conference on the Distribution of Bonneville Power, University of Oregon, March 1937. Corvallis, OR. University Commonwealth Service Series, v. 2, no. 4.

Super Power Committee of Oregon. Report to the Governor of Oregon and the 1933 Legislatures of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Portland, OR. December 1932.

Magnusson, Carl Edward. Personal papers are on deposit at the University of Washington Records Center. He was an effective advocate for a regional grid system publicly owned.

8. A Turning Point in History Bessey, Roy F. Interview with author. 1975. See Wesley Dick's "Visions of Abundance" which also reports on Bessey's 1935 visit with President Roosevelt. Funigiello, Philip J. Toward a National Power Policy: The New Deal and the Electric Utility Industry, 1933-1941. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973. Has a good chapter on the legislative history of the Bonneville Project Act.

Ogden. "Development of Federal Power Policy." Ogden shows the strong regional political support for the Bonneville Project Act.

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Legislative History Highlights of Columbia River Development, including Bonneville Dam...with Accompanying Exhibits, by Freida F. Glickman. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration, (1953).

Legislative History of the Bonneville Act, Public 329, 75th Congress, 1st Session, with Accompanying Documents. 2 v. N.p., n.d. Includes President Roosevelt's February 24, 1937 Message to the Congress and Committee Reports of 1937.

U.S. National Resources Committee. Regional Planning, Part I - Pacific Northwest. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1936. This was prepared by the Pacific Northwest Regional Planning Commission in response to the July 9, 1935 letter request from Ickes. It recommended establishment of a Federal power corporation to market power from Bonneville and Grand Coulee Dams. Pacific Northwest Regional Planning Commission. Columbia Basin Study: Report on the Columbia Basin and Its Future. 6 v. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Regional Planning Commission, 1935. Supporting studies for the PNRPC report prepared for the U.S. National Resources Committee. See references for Chapter 11 for House and Senate 1936 and 1937 hearings on marketing power from Bonneville Dam.

9. A Charter for Power

An Act to Authorize the Completion, Maintenance and Operation of Bonneville Project for Navigation and for Other Purposes. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 50 (1937). Hereafter cited as Bonneville Project Act, and conveniently reprinted under that title together with other related legislation and annotations. BPA. 1975.

Funigiello. Toward a National Power Policy. Has two good chapters on BPA's formation and first two years.

Seattle Post-Intelligencer. (John Boettiger's tribute to Ross) quoted in U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. The Bonneville Spark. Special Edition, March, 1939. U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Speeches of the Administrator, 1939-. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration, 1939-. Paul J. Raver, 1939-1954.