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Base Study for Power Markets. Portland, Oregon 1962-70.

U.S. Department of Labor, BLS. "Manufacturing Employment as a Percentage of Non-Agricultural Employment." Bulletin 1370 12.

Western Aluminum News 3, No. 7 (July/ Aug., 1976).

Moment, Samuel. The Aluminum Industry of the Pacific Northwest. [Prepared] for the Bonneville Power Administration. [Portland, Oregon] Ivan Bloch & Associates, 1966.

Little, Arthur D. "A Regional Analysis: Economic and Fiscal Impacts of the Aluminum Industry in the Pacific Northwest."

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. "The Aluminum Industry in the Pacific Northwest." Summary of Remarks by Don Hodel...at the Annual Industry Banquet of the Aluminum Association, New York, New York October 27, 1976. 14 p. mimeo. 34. Hydro-Thermal Power Program Public Works for Water, Pollution Control, and Power Development and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriation Act, 1970. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 83 (1969). Public Works for Water, Pollution Control, and Power Development and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriation Act, 1971. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 84 (1970 1971). U.S. Department of the Interior. Solicitor Opinion M 36769, December 18, 1968. Hodel, Donald Paul. The Hydro-Thermal Program, Address to Montana Associated Utilities at Missoula, by BPA Deputy Administrator, October 8, 1970. McIntyre, Henderson M. Hydro-Thermal Electric Powerplant Integration, October 12, 1970, BPA.

Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission, Power Planning Committee. Review of Power Planning in the Pacific Northwest (Red Book), annually 1968-1977. Washington Public Power Supply System.

Bond Prospectuses, Annual Reports, Contracts, and Agreements relating to three nuclear plants in the Hydro-Thermal Power Program. (See similar documents relating to Centralia and Trojan plants.) U.S. Army. Corps of Engineers. Water Resource Development of the Columbia River: A Report by the Division Engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Division, North

Pacific, to the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. v. 1, June 1958.

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Annual Report. 1966-.

The Hydro-Thermal Power Program: A Status Report. Portland, Oregon 1971. This is on both a 10 and 20-year basis.

A Ten-Year Hydro-Thermal Power Program for the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon 1969. This takes the place of BPA's Advance Program.

A Ten-Year Hydro-Thermal Power Program for the Pacific Northwest, Preliminary. Appendix is separate. Portland, Oregon 1968.

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. The Hydro-Thermal Power Program: An Analysis of Investment Cost, September 1969. This is for both a 10 and 20-year program.

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Hydro-Thermal Program Phase 2, December 12, 1973. Enclosed with BPA News Release December 20, 1973, announcing adoption.

U.S. Congress. House. A Bill to Establish a Regional Energy Corporation. H. R. 5862, 95th Cong., 1st Sess., 1977.

A Bill to Make the Federal Columbia River Power System Available for Maximum Electric Efficiency. H. R. 9020, 95th Cong., 1st Sess., 1977.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Pacific Northwest Electric Power Supply and Conservation. Hearings before the subcommittee on Water and Power Resources on H. R. 9020, H. R. 9664, and H. R. 5862, 95th Cong., 1st Sess., 1977.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works. Steam Electric Generating Plants in the Pacific Northwest. Hearings on H. R. 4963, a Bill to Authorize the Construction...of Certain Fuel-Fired Electric Generating Plants...82d Cong., 1st Sess., 1951.

U.S. Congress. Senate. A Bill to Amend the Bonneville Project Act In Order to Establish the Columbia River Development Corporation. Hearing S. 3114, 85th Cong., 2d Sess., 1958.

Bonneville Power Corporation S. 1927. Hearing 1959. U.S. General Accounting Office. Pacific

Northwest Hydro-Thermal Power Program: A Regional Approach to Meeting Electric Power Requirements. Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. Report No. B 114858, June 5, 1974.

35. Renewable Power.

An Act to Establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 89 (1975).

Luce, Charles F. "The Columbia River Power System: Cost Benefit Analysis and Project Selection." Remarks before Reed College Symposium, Portland, Oregon April 19, 1978.

U.S. Army. Corps of Engineers. Pumped Storage Potential of the Pacific Northwest: Summary Report. Portland, Oregon, Corps of Engineers, 1972.

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Annual Report.

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U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. An-
nual Report.
A Report on Appearance
Planning. Prepared for BPA by Stanton,
Boles, Maguire, and Church, 1966.

Environmental Statement, Fiscal Year 1972- Proposed Program. Portland, Oregon, 1970-. Annual.

The Role of the Bonneville Power Administration in the Pacific Northwest Power Supply System, Including Its Participation in the Hydro-Thermal Power Program. Draft. July 22, 1977. Revised 1980.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Environmental Criteria for Electric Transmission Systems. by U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970.

U.S. President. Public Papers of the Presidents. Jimmy Carter, 1977, v. 1, and Lyndon B. Johnson, 1963 64, v. 2.

U.S. Council on Environmental Quality. Annual Report since 1970. See also The President's 1971 Environmental Program, also issues of 1972 and 1973. Washington: GPO.

37. Conservation Learning Curve Brewster, Sir David. Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Issac Newton. Johnson reprint, 1965.

National Academy of Sciences. Committee on Resources and Man. Resources and Man: A Study and Recommendations. Publication No. 1703. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1969.

Rosenman, Samuel I., comp. War and Neutrality: 1939, v. 8 of The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt. U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Annual Report.

trator.

Speeches of the Adminis

U.S. Congress. House. A Bill...for Maximum Electric Efficiency. H. R. 9020.

U.S. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Hearing on AEC Energy R&D Report.

U.S. President. Public Papers of the Presidents. Jimmy Carter, 1977, v. 1.

U.S. President's Materials Policy Commission. The Outlook for Energy Sources. v. 3 of Resources for Freedom: A Report to the President. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1952.

38. In League with the Future

Department of Energy Organization Act. U.S. Statutes at Large, v. 91 (1977).

U.S. Bonneville Power Administration. Annual Report.

LEGISLATIVE ACTS

CITED

In addition to the following laws, every appropriation act constitutes legislation. Indeed, for Federal agencies, the Committee Reports of the Appropriations Committees also have the force or effect of law. Since appropriation acts occur annually, they are listed here only where especially significant. Two treaties are included as they too have the force of law.

For legislative acts relating to preference to public and cooperative bodies in marketing Federal power and to the sale of power, power privileges or power facilities, see list in chapter on preference.

1902, June 17 Reclamation Act 1906, June 21 General Dam Act 1909, Jan. 11 Boundary Waters Treaty 1910, June 23 General Dam Act 1916, June 3 National Defense Act (Authorized Wilson Dam)

1920, June 10 Federal Water Power Act 1925, Mar. 3 River and Harbor Act (Authorized Corps of Engineers to submit cost estimates for surveys of navigable streams; estimates reported in 1926 in House Document 308)

1927, Jan. 27 River and Harbor Act (Authorized Survey which resulted in 308 reports on Columbia and other rivers) 1928, Dec. 21 Boulder Canyon Project Act 1933, May 18 Tennessee Valley Authority Act

1933, June 16 National Industrial Recovery

Act (Established Public Works Administration. Facilitated construction of Bonneville and Grand Coulee dams.)

1934, June 6 Securities Exchange Act

1935, Apr. 8 Emergency Relief Appropriation Act

1935, Aug. 26 Public Utility Act

1935, Aug. 30 River and Harbor Act

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. National Energy Act. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power. 95th Cong., 1st Sess., 1977.

National Energy Act. 1978.

1936, May 15 Flood Control Act (Congress declares flood control a national purpose) 1936, May 20 Rural Electrification Act 1937, Aug. 20 Bonneville Project Act 1940, June 13 Military Appropriation Act 1940, July 19 Boulder Canyon Project Adjustment Act

1941, Mar. 11 Lend Lease Act

1944, June 5 Hungry Horse Project Act
1944, Sep. 22 Pace Act (REA)
1944, Dec. 22 Flood Control Act

1945, Mar. 2 River and Harbor Act (Authorized McNary and four lower Snake projects)

1945, Oct. 23 Bonneville Act Amendment 1945, Dec. 6 Government Corporation Control Act

1946, Feb. 20 Employment Act

1946, June 11 Administrative Procedure Act

1946, Aug. 1 Atomic Energy Act 1949, Oct. 12 Interior Department Appropriation Act (Funds Kerr-Anaconda line) 1949, June 20 Reorganization Act of 1949 1950, May 17 River and Harbor and Flood Control Act

1950, Sept. 8 Defense Production Act 1957, Aug. 26 Public Works Appropriation Act (Wheeling authorized)

1958, Aug. 4 AEC Appropriation (New Production Reactor)

1959, Aug. 6 TVA Act Amendments

1961, Jan. 17 Columbia River Treaty (effective Sept. 16, 1964, at signing of Protocol Exchange)

1962, Sep. 26 AEC Appropriation Act (Hanford)

1964, Aug. 30 Public Works Appropriation Act (Intertie)

1964, Aug. 31 Pacific Northwest Regional 1974, June 25 Federal Energy Act Preference

1965, July 22 Water Resources Planning Act 1966, June 14 Authorization for third powerplant at Grand Coulee Dam (as amended Sep. 7, 1966)

1968, Oct. 2 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1969, Dec. 11 Public Works Appropriation Act (for fiscal year 1970 - Trojan netbilling)

1970, Jan. 1 National Environmental Policy Act

1970, Oct. 7 Public Works Appropriation Act
(for fiscal year 1971 - Phase One, HTPP
net-billing)

1970, Dec. 24 Geothermal Steam Act
1974, May 10 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
Amendment

1974, Oct. 11 Energy Reorganization Act (ERDA and NRC)

1974, Oct. 18 Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act

1975, Dec. 22 Energy Policy and Conservation Act

1975, Dec. 31 Hells Canyon National Recreation Act

1976, Aug. 16 Energy Conservation and Production Act

1976, Oct. 22 Water Resources Development Act (Replaces river and harbor and flood control acts)

1977, Aug. 4 Department of Energy Act 1978, Nov. 10 National Energy Act (in five separate acts)

CHRONOLOGY

Many strands of history precede Columbia River development. Discovery of the Columbia River in 1792 came 300 years after Columbus reached America, and his effort arose from the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The age of exploration and discovery is part of the background.

Four other strands relate more specifically as precursors. These involve the evolution and change in national policy 1) to build public works, 2) to conserve natural resources, 3) to promote navigation by means of projects such as Bonneville Dam, and 4) to irrigate dry lands as by the Columbia Basin Project with its chief feature Grand Coulee Dam.

In turn each BPA policy and program makes up a strand of evolving history, examples being the Columbia River Treaty, the Interties, Hanford, industrial sales policy, rural electrification, wheeling, and the preference clause.

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1877

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1879

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1886

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1889

U.S. Geological Survey estab- 1908 lished.

Edison's Pearl Street powerplant in
New York City begins operations.
Pendleton Act (Civil Service)
passed.

1908

Charles Martin Hall patents 1909 method for electrolytic reduction of aluminum from bauxite; forms Pittsburg Reduction Company 1911 1888; name changed to Aluminum Company of America 1907.

Congress creates Interstate Com- 1913 merce Commission.

Congress authorizes USGS to make 1915 irrigation survey of western lands. Willamette Falls Electric Company, predecessor of Portland Gen- 1916 eral Electric, formed; sends direct current power from Oregon City to Portland June 3, 1889, changed to a.c. 1890.

Washington Water Power Company 1918 is formed. McMinnville, Oregon establishes first municipal electric system in Northwest.

1919

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First White House Governor's Conference on Conservation (May 1315).

Roosevelt's Rainy River veto and James River veto of 1909 lead to Federal Water Power Act of 1920. Canada and United States sign Boundary Waters Treaty; International Joint Commission created. Samuel Insull forms electric transmission grid in northern Illinois.

Raker Act grants preference to public bodies in marketing power. Secretary of Agriculture reports 18 companies own more than half nation's developed water power. National Defense Act authorizes power dam at Muscle Shoals on Tennessee River for production of nitrates for munitions; Wilson Dam completed 1925.

Publisher Rufus Woods of Wenatchee Daily World hails proposal for Grand Coulee Dam. 220,000 volt intertie from Vancouver, British Columbia, to Los Angeles proposed by Professor Carl Edward Magnusson.

Federal Water Power Act establishes Federal Power Commission. Senator George Norris introduces bill for Federal development of Tennessee River.

Seattle and Tacoma build transmission intertie; Washington Water Power Company and Montana Power Company interconnect. Giant Power Survey Board Report warns of monopoly in electric utilities industry and urges statewide power grid for Pennsylvania.

River and Harbor Act authorizes making an estimate of the cost of surveys of navigable streams. Senate requests FTC investigation of monopoly in electric utility industry.

Corps of Engineers 308 report recommends surveys of navigable streams.

FTC issues whitewash report on monopoly in electric utility industry.

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