with thongs. One foot is planted on a rock, while the other leaves the small boat in which he had rowed from his ship. A grape-vine and New England flowers will be indicated; it will be unmistakably a Northman landing in New England, telling at once the whole story. We hope you will approve of our idea as suitable. "With sentiments of distinguished consideration,

(Signed) T. G. Appleton, Chairman."

"Here you have the facts, which are quite at your disposal. I should like to see them published as a continuation of your paper. "With my best wishes, believe me always, dear sir, Most sincerely yours,

J. J. A. WORSAAE."

The letter being written in the English language, my task merely

consisted in transcribing it.

CHARLES RAU

THE HOWARDS OF MARYLAND

To no Marylander would the allusion in the oft-quoted line, "not all the blood of all the Howards," seem inappropriate if applied to the family of John Eager Howard and his distinguished sons; and its members are fortunate in the transmission of a name as distinctive in this republican country, of honorable and high lineage, as is that of their supposed ancestry, the Norfolk-Howards in the kingdom of Great Britain. Although there are other families of Howards in the State, this one, through its historic, political and social prominence, is more particularly designated "The Howards of Maryland."

The most illustrious member of this well-known family was Colonel John Eager Howard, who rose to distinction in the Revolutionary war. The deaths of the father and grandfather of Colonel Howard appear to have left him to derive his knowledge of family traditions from his mother (who lived to a good age), there remaining little documentary evidence beyond bare records of bequests of property, deeds, marriages, births and deaths. He was himself reserved and uncommunicative. None of his children ever knew him to speak of the origin of his family, or of matters concerning it, to any one. His only surviving child, Sophia C. Read of Baltimore, describes very precisely, however, a painted and framed coat of arms, about two feet square, inscribed "Howard, Earl of Arundel," which hung over the desk in her father's private office at Belvidere. This painting passed into the possession of his son, Mr. James Howard, but unfortunately during his long illness, and consequent removal from the family estates of Cowpens and Cliffholme, this valuable and interesting relic was lost or mislaid. It is described as painted on copper, and had probably descended from that ancestor, "who" (to quote from a short family record found after his death in Colonel Howard's handwriting) "turned out, though very young, to support James at the time of Monmouth's rebellion, and preferred coming to this country rather than return to his father, who was displeased at his leaving home in the manner he did." The head of the Norfolk family at the date of Monmouth's invasion was attainted of treason and deprived of his dukedom; therefore only "Howard, Earl of Arundel." The dukedom was restored to William, his son and successor. Thus the inscription upon the painted coat-of-arms in Colonel Howard's possession curiously tallies with that fact, and appears to settle its age and

date. The same coat-of-arms is on the tombs of their colonial ancestors in the Howard burial ground at "the Forest." The Forest was a large tract of land in Baltimore county, recorded as granted by the Crown to Joshua Howard, the grandfather of Colonel Howard, in 1699. The family are no doubt content to possess an honorable American genealogy of five generations; but the traditional theory of descent from the Norfolk-Howards is based upon this use of the Arundel escutcheon by their colonial ancestors, and by a man so unsparing in contempt for pretence or false statement of any sort as Colonel John Eager Howard, who is described by one of his biographers as "scrupulously just," with a memory “painfully minute, and the most accurate repository of the history of his own time in this or any other country." The possibility of the theory is sustained by a recent declaration of Cardinal Howard and the present Duke of Norfolk, that a branch of their family was "known to be in America," referring to the Maryland Howards.

The military spirit, independence and resolution which inspired their ancestor at an immature age to take arms against Monmouth, and to emigrate to this country, has shown itself in each generation of his descendants, whenever war or other opportunity has given it play, though none have achieved lasting renown but the revolutionary hero, Colonel Howard.

Colonel John Eager Howard, was born June 4th, 1752, at1"The Forest," in Baltimore county, Maryland. His father, Cornelius, was the third son of Joshua Howard, whose wife was Miss O'Carroll, whose father emigrated to America from Ireland. To this nationality may be attributed the name "Cornelius." Their two elder sons, Thomas and Francis, seem to have left no descendants. Joshua Howard bequeathed the bulk of his estate to his son Cornelius, who married Ruth Eager, heiress to John Eager, son of George Eager of Maryland. From her descended to her son, John Eager Howard, the estate of Belvidere, a tract of land adjoining the "Town" of Baltimore of three hundred acres, which later formed the beautiful park and grounds around the handsome mansion erected by its owner soon after the war of independence. Not a vestige of the park or mansion remains. They have gone down before the inevitable advance of the rapidly spreading city, a result to which Colonel Howard's munificent gifts of land for public purposes greatly contributed. Thus in his park was raised the first "Washington monument."

Bred to no profession, sympathy with the resistance of the Colonies decided John Eager Howard to that of arms. Bodies of militia, called

"Flying Camps," were formed in Maryland. Modestly declining a colonelcy, he accepted a captaincy in this corps June 25, 1776, and was present at the battle of White Plains in the autumn of the same year. When Congress in place of this system of defence required each State to furnish regular troops, Captain Howard was given a majority in one of the seven Maryland regiments. In this capacity he was engaged in the battles of Germantown and Monmouth in 1777, and in June, 1779, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Regiment of Maryland Infantry, transferred to the Sixth, and then, after the battle of Hobbick's Hill, given command of the Second.

Colonel Howard's services in the war have been set forth in several memoirs. The earliest appeared in the "National Portrait Gallery; the latest in Mr. Hanson's "Old Kent of Maryland," a recent publication of merit. Reference is therefore only made to those battles in which, under the command of Generals Greene, Gates and Morgan, in the South, he was conspicuous for conduct and gallantry. In these he rendered such efficient and eminent service that Greene, an discriminator of merit, declared him to have conferred great obligations on himself, and greater on the public. "He deserves," said Greene, "a statue of gold, no less than Roman or Grecian heroes." "At the battle of Cowpens Colonel Howard seized the critical moment, and turned the fortunes of the day," writes Lee, "and at all times and on all occasions was eminently useful.”

Of intrepid, personal courage, he was distinguished for pushing his troops into close fighting with fixed bayonets, a weapon rarely crossed in battle even by veterans. This manner of fighting was first inaugurated by Colonel Howard during the battle of Cowpens. In the heat of the struggle an order for a flank movement was mistaken by Colonel Howard's men for an order to retreat, and they fell back. Upon this General Morgan rode up, exclaiming that "the day was lost!" "Look at that line," replied Howard; "men who can retreat in such order are not beaten." Morgan ordered him to take a position which he pointed out, and make a stand; but halting his men, and facing them about, Howard poured in a sudden fire upon the advancing enemy, and then, on his own responsibility, dashed on them with the bayonet. The result was a brilliant victory, while the method of the attack reversed the opinion, which even Washington had held, that American troops could not cope successfully with tried British veterans in the use of the bayonet. Afterwards the Maryland line was put to this service so continually as almost to destroy that brave corps. At Cowpens Howard

held at one time in his hands the swords of seven officers, surrendered to him personally; and saved the life of the British General O'Hara, who clung to his stirrup, claiming quarter. His gallantry was rewarded by Congress with a medal. In the succeeding battle of Eutaw he was so seriously wounded as to impair his health later in life. Five years after the close of the war Colonel Howard became Governor of Maryland for three terms, and gave his influence to the adoption of the Federal Constitution. In 1796 he first entered the Senate of the United States, having previously declined the appointment of Major-General by the State.

Washington offered him a seat in his Cabinet, and in several letters deplored his refusal to accept the post as a loss to himself and the public. After requesting the interposition of a friend, and finding all efforts vain, Washington finally wrote: "The reasons you have assigned for not doing so carry conviction along with them, and must, however reluctantly, be submitted to." To persuade Colonel Howard against his own judgment or will, would have been difficult indeed; a characteristic equally developed in his descendants. But it was said of him that "such was his integrity, wisdom and justice, they gave his opinions an almost absolute sway." In 1798 he consented to accept from General Washington the rank of General, should the threatened war with France be declared, a calamity which was happily averted.

Colonel Howard married one of the beautiful daughters of Benjamin Chew of Clifden, Germantown, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. These brilliant women were reigning Tory belles in Philadelphia during its occupation by the British. When the war closed Mrs. Chew attended the ball given to welcome General Washington to Philadel