"

was a deep-seated and long-cherished desire of the foremost of its founders to elevate the Indian race in America." The idea was not American, nor was its practical application reserved for the eighteenth century. In 1619 an unknown hand conveyed to Sir Edwin Sandys five hundred pounds, to be used by the Virginia Company for the education of Indian youths in the English language and the Christian religion. A college was contemplated, but abandoned in consequence of the Indian massacre of 1622. In 1691 part of the estate of Robert Boyle, the Christian philosopher, was given by his executors to William and Mary's College. Boyle had been the Governor of a company incorporated for the propagation of the gospel among the Indians of New England. But the interest in the conversion of the natives was chiefly confined to their residence at college, which gave material aid and comfort to their white brethren. In 1729 George Berkley came to America and settled at Newport, Rhode Island. He had the promise of aid from the Government to a college for the education of Indian youth as missionaries. The money promised was not supplied, and he returned to England, whence he made generous donations to Yale College of books and the rental of his Rhode Island farm. In 1734 Rev. John Sergeant made a practical beginning in missionary work among the Stockbridge Indians.

Eleazer Wheelock, whom Mr. Smith styles the leading founder of Dartmouth College, was born of New England parentage at Windham in 1711. He was graduated from Yale College in 1733, and ordained pastor of the Second Congregational Society in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1735, and soon became interested in the Indians, to whom, as his paying congregation were only able to pay him half his salary, he resolved to devote one-half of his time. In 1755, with some generous friends, he established a small charity school near his residence, and in 1761 received an allowance of twelve pounds each, for the education of six children of the Six Nations, from the General Court of Massachusetts.

In 1763 Wheelock's first conception of a college is found in a letter to General Amherst, the hero of the French war, in which he proposes a plan for the establishment of a college on a tract of land, fifteen or twenty miles square, on the west side of the Susquehannah river. In March, 1764. he made an appeal to the Earl of Dartmouth, whom Whitfield named the Daniel of the Age, in behalf of the Indian charity school he was then directing with such occasional aid as he could secure. At Whitfield's suggestion he sent out Samson Occom, a Mohegan, who had been carefully trained as a schoolmaster and preacher. Occom preached in London with acceptance," and was presented to

Lord Dartmouth and the King. While the feelings and sympathy of Lord Dartmouth were being enlisted in England, the support of Sir William Johnson, who exercised great influence over the Six Nation Confederacy, was also engaged, and through his agency Joseph Brant, the famous Mohawk, was sent to Wheelock's Indian school. Sir William Johnson, no doubt for diplomatic reasons, opposed the plan of a school on the Susquehannah, and was averse to its establishment near the headquarters of the Six Nations. Governor Wentworth offered a tract in the western part of New Hampshire, a township six miles square.

In December, 1769, the incorporation was completed. As an evidence of the catholic spirit of the foundation, it need only be cited that three of the original trustees were nominally Episcopalians, and the remaining nine nominally Congregationalists, although some with Presbyterian tendencies. The name of Dartmouth was chosed by Dr. Wheelock without any conference with the distinguished nobleman. The Coos region in the township of Hanover, on the Connecticut river, was selected as the site, and here Dr. Wheelock built his log hut in the summer of 1770. Other plain building were put up, and in the late fall he, with his family and thirty students, English and Indians, all designed for the Indian service, were removed into the wilderness. Such were the modest beginnings of Dartmouth College.

Dr. Wheelock's narratives supply the best information as to the progress of the college in Indian culture. His chief reliance for pupils was on the Canadian tribes. The Mohawk tribes, the Oneidas excepted, were opposed to his plan. From 1773 to 1775 he had from sixteen to twenty-one Indian out of one hundred students. The war was a serious embarrassment to the President. He died in the midst of it on the 24th of April, 1779. The historian says of him, that "he was eminent as a scholar -he was eminent as an orator-he was eminent as a teacher-he was eminent in affairs— he was eminent as a patriot-but beyond and above all that religion was the mainspring of his entire life, the real source of all his success.

He was succeeded in the Presidency by his son, John Wheelock, during whose term of office occurred the great "Dartmouth Controversy." A difference of views as to the extent of interposition the State was entitled to in the affairs of the college, aggravated by opposing religious views, and widening during ten years of personal contact, ended in the removal of President Wheelock in 1815 by the Board of Trustees.

Governor Plumer in 1816 repudiated the report of the committee of the Legislature of the previous year, which announced that there was no ground for State interference in the college government, condemned the charter as savoring of monarchical ideas, and asserted the right of State supervision, This message was communicated to Jefferson, and approved by him as correct and republican in principle. The Legislature supported the Governor, the Trustees resisted, the State courts were appealed to, and the validity of the Act of the Legislature sustained, but an appeal being taken on a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the United States, the cause was again tried. Webster appeared for the college, making one of his celebrated forensic arguments, and the Judges, Chief Justice Marshall presiding, reversed the judgment of the State court.

We cannot follow the sketch through the later administrations of Presidents Dana, Tyler, Smith and Bartlett. The reader will find in them nothing that is not creditable to Dartmouth, and will gain from the perusal of this interesting volume sufficient evidence that in the turmoil of politics and the hurry of our practical American life, our institutions of learning have maintained the dignity and independence of American culture. The book is adorned with a number of excellent photographs of the college worthies.

THE PEDIGREE AND HISTORY OF THE WASHINGTON FAMILY DERIVED FROM ODIN, THE Founder of SCANDINAVIA, B. C. 70. Involving a period of eighteen centuries, and including fifty-five generations down to General George Washington, First President of the United States. By ALBERT WELLES. Royal 8vo, pp. 370. SOCIETY LIBRARY. New York, 1879.

The introduction of this inquiry was noticed in the last number of the Magazine [III. 526] from advanced sheets. The volume is now before us. In addition to the extended pedigree, the value of which must be decided by those who have made a study of this branch of historical investigation, there is an appendix, containing what the editor calls scraps of history in regard to members found in the descent from Odin.

Scattered through the volume will be found numerous items of interest connected with the personal history of the English and American Washingtons, and a great variety of illustrations, consisting of an illumination of the arms of Washington and impressions from a great variety of known plates here for the first time brought together. The book is printed in the best manner, and forms a valuable addition to Washington literature.

It was not until the year 1792 that Washington began to make inquiries as to his English ancestry. He then addressed a letter to Garter King at Arms, the reply to which has been shown to us by Mrs. Ella Bassett Washington, the widow of Lewis W. Washington. In this letter he mentions the marriage of Lawrence Washington, of Soulgrave, in the County of Northampton, Esquire, and Margaret, daughter of William Butler of Sussex, and adds that some years before an American gentleman had shown him a"Seal with the Arms of Butler engraved thereon," which he told him had been received from General Washington. The remaining information we are not at liberty to use, but it is soon to be made public by the owner of the letter in question.

GENEALOGY OF THE TILLEY FAMILY. Compiled by H. HAMMETT TILLEY. 8vo., PP. 79. JOHN P. SANBORN, Newport, R. I., 1878.

This is a record of the family of William Tilley, who emigrated to America from England about the year 1660, and settled in Boston in that year. He was by occupation a rope-maker, and is said to have been the second in that trade, the business of rope-making having been set up in Boston by one John Harrison about 1641. The Tilleys were good people, even in that early day the widow of the rope-maker marrying Judge Sewall in 1718. Encouraged in his business, the rope-maker sent to England for three of his cousins, William, John and James, who came over at his call, and after a short stay in Boston, settled respectively, William in Newport, John in New York, and James in New London. The volume before us gives, first, a careful record of the descendants of William, of Newport; second, of those of the second brother John, in New York, in whose line was the Honorable Samuel Leonard Tilley, late the urbane and accomplished Lieutenant-Governor of the Dominion of Canada. Of the third brother, James, of New London, the record is brief and incomplete.

The name of Tilley is supposed to be French. It is found on the roll of the companies of William the Conqueror. A plate of the arms of the English family prefaces the genealogy.

CHARLTON (MASS.) HISTORICAL

SKETCHES. Rev. ANSON TITUS, Jr. Reprinted from the Southbridge Journal. 8vo. pp. 28. Southbridge, 1877.

There is not much to interest the antiquary in this town sketch. The hard-working people did not leave much behind them. The earliest recorded burial is not earlier than 1744. The cemeteries which are described are nearly all of the present century.

ON THE ART OF WAR AND MODE OF WARFARE OF THE ANCIENT MEXICANS. By AD. F. BANDELIER. Reprinted from the Tenth Annual Report of the Peabody Museum. 8vo. Cambridge, 1877.

From the pages of this excellent pamphlet we learn that although the Mexicans proper, better known as the Aztecs, were of the highest order of sedentary Indians, still warfare, and not agriculture, was their chief occupation. Spreading from their lake center, they lived upon the produce and industrial resources of subjected tribes. So completely was their time engaged in defensive, if not offensive war with their neighbors, upon whom they lived, that if there were no war they considered themselves idle. Like the Spartans, they were trained to arms from infancy, and the standing army included every able-bodied man in the tribe. Yet, strange to say, while the fear of the latent power of the tribe was equal to its domination over the conquered tribes, somewhat as the Mohawks over their neighbors, yet when Cortes made his daring seizure of Montezuma, there was no organized body of guards to protect his person. The defensive armor of the Mexicans, their aggressive weapons, the organization of their forces, and their mode of operations in the field are all carefully described, and the authorities given for every statement; the whole a model of archæological research. The final pages narrate the manner of the battle of Otumpau, fought on the 8th July, 1520, between Cortes and the pueblo of Tlaxcallan, the day of skirmish, the ambush on the plains of Apan, from which the Spaniards cut their way with the courage of despair, and the process of dismemberment, by which Cortes overcame the Nahuati Confederacy of the Valley of Mexico. The story closes with the seige of the pueblo of Mexico, which illustrates Indian defensive warfare in its highest stage; their resistance standing unparallelled in the history of Indian warfare, and their fortitude and tenacity demonstrating that they acted together by free common consent, and were organized after the principles of a barbarous, but free military democracy.

A GENEALOGICAL SKETCH OF DR. ARTEMAS BULLARD, OF SUTTON, AND HIS DESCENDANTS. By WILLIAM SUMNER BARTON, of Worcester. 8vo, pp. 22. LUCIUS P. GODDARD, Worcester, 1878.

The writer informs us that in the genealogical history of the "Descendants of several ancient Puritans," published by Rev. Abner Morse in 1857, there is an interesting account of the Bullard families in New England. Among the first

planters of New England there appear to have been four of the name, who emigrated about 1630 from England, and were of the first settlers of Watertown. Robert was unquestionably the ancestor of the Sutton family of the name, which particularly engages Mr. Barton's attention in this monograph.

MEMORIAL ADDRESS UPON THE CHARACTER AND PUBLIC SERVICES OF MORTON MCMICHAEL AS EDITOR, PUBLIC OFFICER, AND CITIZEN. BY JOHN W. FORNEY, Thursday, April 17, 1879. 8vo, pp. 16. SHERMAN & Co., Philadelphia, 1879.

Tacitus said of Agricola that he was happy in the occasion of his death. So it may be said of any man, the occasion of whose death calls into action the warm heart and accomplished hand of Mr. Forney to do honor his memory. McMichael was a noble character; full of generous impulses, vigorous, intelligent, in every sense a man; a leader of men. To all these characteristics full justice is rendered, and with the fervor of a friendship of nearly half a century.

FAMILY RECORD OF SILAS BROWN, JR. By A. C. BROWN. 8vo, pp. 38. Printed by GEORGE MACNAMARA, New York, 1879. Silas Brown, Jr., a record of whose descendants is here given, was the eldest son of Silas Brown, Jr., who was at one time in Captain Jonathan Wate's company in Colonel Ezra Meigs' regiment, and took part in the Saratoga campaign. Silas Brown was the son of John have been the son of James Brown, of Deerfield. Brown, who is surmised by the genealogist to Nothing more is known of him than that he resided in Hatfield in 1669, married Remembrance Brooks at Springfield in 1674, removed Colchester, Connecticut. to Deerfield about 1683, and went thence to

A RECORD OF REMARKABLE EVENTS IN MARLBOROUGH AND VICINITY. BY CYRUS FELTON. 8vo, pp. 24, No. 1. STILLMAN B. PRATT, Marlborough, Mass., 1879.

A second title informs the reader that within the limits of these pages there is presented a record of four hundred and fifty events, consisting of accidents, balls, celebrations, dedications, exhibitions, fires, gifts, holidays, incidents, jubilees, knacks, lectures, musters, necrologies, ordinations, picnics, quarrels, raisings, shows, tornadoes, undertakings, vendues, weather extremes, years, zero days, etc. These are arranged by months and days, thus: January events, February events, etc.