Kolozsvár. See Klausenburg

Kopienski, Ilia, printer, 529

Koprili. See Kiuprili

Koron, taken by the Venetians, 365
Kotoshikhin, Grigory Karpov, Russian
traveller, 513

Krassow, Ernst Detlof von, Swedish gen-
eral, 597; 601; 603; 607

Kremlin, at Moscow, 482; 493; 519; 557
Kristianopel, recovered by Sweden, 570
Kristianshavn, privileges of, 559

Kristianstad, taken by the Danes, 569 sq.
Krizhanich, Iuri, Servian scholar, 516
Kronstad (Kronslot), built, 590 sq.
Krossen, Peter the Great at, 607

Labadie, Jean de, 755 sqq.

La Bruyère, Jean de, 67; 71; 79

La Chaise, François de, confessor of Louis
XIV, 24; 89; 221

La Cloche, James, mission of, to Rome,
202

Ladenburg, burnt by the French, 57; 409
Ladoga, canals of, 548; 590

La Fontaine, Jean de, 66 sqq.; 70
La Gardie, Magnus Gabriel de, Count,
Swedish Chancellor, 565 sq.; and Charles
XI, 567; 568; 572
Lagena, Charles XII at, 588
Lagrange d'Arquien. See Arquien

La Haye, de, French admiral, 696; 703
La Hogue, battle of, 59, 261, 263
Lakhta, Peter the Great at, 548

Lambert, John, imprisoned, 94
Lambeth Palace, 227

949

La Mothe, de, French general, 422
La Mothe de Canillac, Vicomte de, 16
Lampe, Friedrich Adolf, theologian, 757
Lanarkshire, insurgents in, 284
Landau, 63; sieges of, 406, 408, 411, 435;
ceded to France, 436, 454; 452
Landen. See Neerwinden

Landguard Fort, Dutch attack on, 189
Landrecies, invested by Prince Eugene, 433
Landskrona, 147; captured by Denmark,
569 sq.

Languedoc, Estates of, 4; canal of, 14
Lapland, Sir Hugh Willoughby in, 512
La Reynie, Nicolas-Gabriel de, Lieutenant
of Police, 16

Las Casas, Bartolomé, de, 682

La Tortue, pirates' headquarters at, 691
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
117; 326; 330; 746

Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl
and first Duke of, 198; 201; 204 sq.;
created Duke, 207; 209 sq.; 213; Secre-
tary for Scottish affairs, 280; and the
Earl of Middleton, 282; and the Earl of
Rothes, 282, 284; 283; and the Scottish
recusants, 284 sq.; 286

Lauzun, Antonin Nompar de Caumont, Duc
de, in Ireland, 314 sqq.

La Vallière, Françoise-Louise, Duchesse de,
19; 73

La Vrillière, French Secretary of State, 5
Law, John, financier, 705

William, mystic, 751; 759
Lawes, Henry, musician, 116
Lawson, Sir John, English admiral, 190
Leade, Jane, pietistic writer, 762
Leake, Sir John, English admiral, 413;
416; captures Minorca, 426, 444
Lebus, see of, 618

L'Écluse, Charles de, naturalist, 734
Lee, Nathaniel, dramatist, 127; 131
Leeds, Thomas Osborne, Duke of (first
Earl of Danby, Marquis of Caermarthen),
Lord Treasurer, 210; financial policy of,
214 sq.; and the Non-resisting Test,
216 sq.; 218 sq.;
221 sq.; fall of
(1678-9), 222 sq.; 227; 230; and James
II, 231; and Dykvelt, 240 sq.; signs
invitation to William of Orange, 242;
246; and the Revolution settlement,
249 sq.; 255; President of the Council,
259; 260; and the Bank of England,
268; resignation of, 274; 334
Leeuwenhoek, Antony, naturalist, 727;
729; 735; 737

Leeward Islands, 442; 687 sq.; govern-
ment of, 690

Lefèvre, Nicolas, chemist, 730

Lefort, François, Swiss general, and Peter
the Great, 520; 522 sqq.; 530
Lehnin, foundation of, 620
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 69; Bossuet
and, 87; and Peter the Great, 532; 648;

Lobkowitz, Wenceslas, Prince von, Aus-
trian statesman, 341; 349; 352 sq.
Locke, John, philosopher, 125; and the
Revolution settlement, 252 sqq.; 264;
and the currency, 269; 271; the theory
of government of, 273; 275 sqq.; 332;
334; 467 sq.

Lodenstein, Jodocus van, and Pietism, 755
Löscher, Valentin Ernst, and Pietism, 760
Loevenstein, Jacob de Witt imprisoned at,
138

Lofö, peace negotiations at, 613
Lois Castle, Charles XII at, 591
Lombardy, occupied by the French, 401 sq.
London, the plague in, 110; the Great
Fire of, 110, 303; loan by, to Charles II,
111; 222; deprived of its charter, 229;
captured by the Tories, ib.; 232; its
charter restored, 245; 247; Prince Eugene
in, 432; increase of shipping in, 439; the
"Invisible College" in, 740

Treaty of (1674), 197

Long Island, the Duke of York and, 108
Longueville, Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon,
Duchesse de, 89

Marie de. See Nemours, Duchess of
ducal House of, 449
Lopukhina, Eudoxia, Tsaritsa. See Eudoxia
"Lorme, M. de” (Abbé Gaultier), 430

Lorraine, 33, 47; ceded by France, 62 sq.;
suzerainty of, 164; and the Spanish
Succession, 391

354

Charles III (IV), Duke of, 43; 350;

Charles IV (V), Duke of, 45; 341;
348; and the Polish Crown, 350, 354;
marriage of, 354; campaign of, against
the Turks, 360; at the siege of Vienna,
361; 363 sq.; successes of, against the
Turks, 366; and the Elector of Bavaria,
367 sq.; goes to the Rhine, 368; 661

Eleonora Maria, Duchess of (Queen
of Poland). See Eleonora Maria

Leopold Joseph Charles, Duke of,
389; 454

Lothar II, Emperor, 618

Louis XI, King of France, 623

XIII, King of France, 376

XIV, domestic policy of, Chap. I
passim; foreign policy of (1661-97),
Chap. II; and Pope Alexander VII, 76;
the religion of, 77; the Court preachers
of, 79 sq.; and the Jansenists, 84, 89,
sq.; and religious uniformity, 85; and
Portugal, 105 sq.; and Charles II of
England, 106, 109, 201, 209, 223;
detaches Charles II from the Triple
Alliance, 154; subsidises Charles II,
212, 214, 217 sqq., 227, 230; aids the
Dutch against England, 109, 182; joins
England against the Dutch, 112; and
the United Provinces, 152 sq., 156 sqq.,
161, 180; makes proposals for peace,
162; 165; invades the Spanish Nether-
lands (1667), 199; the Triple Alliance

951

and, 200; and the Peace of Aachen,
200, 373; and the Treaty of Dover,
203 sq.; 205; 208; and James II, 211,
217, 231, 235, 243 sqq., 260, 262 sq.,
275, 308, 399; and the English expe-
dition of the Prince of Orange, 244 ;
and Ireland, 307 sq., 314, 316; Roman-
ising policy of, 331; 339; and Austria,
344, 347; and the Emperor Leopold,
349, 353; and Hungary, 352 sq.; and
Poland, 350, 354 sq.; and the Queen
of Poland, 356; 359; and Turkey, 360;
368; and the Treaty of Ryswyk, 370;
and Spain, 200, 374; marriage of, 376
sq.; and the Spanish Succession, 380
sqq., 401; and the accession of Philip V
of Spain, 394 sqq.; the Grand Alliance
(1701) and, 398, 404; recognises "James
III," 399; and William III, ib. ; 403; alli-
ance of with German Princes, 404; 411;
and the Convention of Milan, 415; makes
overtures for peace (1706-10), 417, 422 sq.,
427; recognises the Protestant Succes-
sion in England, 422; appeals to France
against the Allies, 424; and the peace
negotiations (1711), 430; and the Peace
of Rastatt, 435 sq., 452; and the Peace of
Utrecht, 434, 439; and the Treaty with
Great Britain (1713), 441 sqq.; 444; and
the Princess Orsini, 447; and the Spanish
Netherlands, 447; and Sicily, 448; and
Neuchâtel, 449; and the principality of
Orange, ib.; and the negotiations with
the Emperor (1713), 450 sq.; and the
Peace of Baden, 455; and Griffenfeld,
561; and Sweden, 566, 568, 570 sq.,
577; and Charles XI, 573; 596; and
the Elector Frederick William, 648 sq.;
650 sq.; 659; Leibniz and, 696; and
Brazil, 675; and the settlements in
America, 684; and the Indian Com-
pany, 702 sq.; establishes the Académie
des Sciences, 741; 743

Louis XV, King of France, 31; 91; 441;

543

Dauphin of France, 30; 391; 434
Duke of Burgundy. See Burgundy
Louisiana, and French colonisation, 13
Louvain, Jansenism at, 82
Louvois, François-Michel le Tellier, Mar-
quis de, 1; 5; 7; rivalry of, with Col-
bert, 16 sq.; character of, 17, 19; army
administration of, 18 sq.; 20; and the
persecution of the Protestants, 24; death
of, 28; 39; 43 sq.; and the devastation
of the Palatinate, 56 sq.; 59; 405
Lower, Richard, physician, 727 sq.; 733 sq.
Lowestoft, battle of, 181

Lublin, the Union of, 480; 504
Lubomirski, Stanislas Heraclius, Polish
commander-in-chief, 350

Ludewig, Johan Peter von, 666
Ludlow, Edmund, at Amsterdam, 110
Lübeck, 579; and the German Order of
Knights, 630

952

Lüdinghausen, Friedrich, Baron von.
Wolff, Father

Lumley, Richard, Earl of Scarborough.

See Scarborough

Lund, battle of, 570

Peace of, 579

Lunden, battle of, 44

Lundy, Robert, Governor of Derry, 308 sq.
Lusatia, and Brandenburg, 620

Luther, Martin, 635

Lutzingen, and the battle of Blenheim, 410
Luxembourg, François-Henri de Mont-
morency, Duc de, Marshal of France,
45; at Fleurus, 59, 261; 60; death of,
62; 160; Dutch campaign of (1672),
164 sq.; 256; 262; 340; 405
Luxemburg, Louis XIV and, 36, 47, 165;
besieged, 48 sq., 230, 364; 62; restored
to Spain, 63; 389; 447; 450

Alliance, the (1682), 35

Luzan y Guerra, Ignacio de, Spanish
writer, 69

Luzern, and Neuchâtel, 449

Luzh, Russian geodesist, 535
Luzzara, battle of, 406

Lybecker, Georg, Swedish general, 597;
609

Lyesna, battle of, 598 sq.

Lyme Regis, Monmouth lands at, 232

Mabillon, Jean, French Benedictine, 79
Macassar, conquered by the Dutch, 146
Macdonald, Alexander, of Glencoe, 294
Mackay, Hugh, General, 246; at Killie-
crankie, 293

Maclaurin, Colin, mathematician, 718
Madagascar, the French in, 13, 702 sq.
Madras, 698 sq.; 704

Madrid, 376; occupied by the Allies, 416;
428; 447

Maestricht, 43; ceded by France, 45; 46;
56; 158; taken by the French, 161; 164;
455

Maffei, Annibale, Count, at the Utrecht
conference, 439

Francesco Scipione, Marquis, Italian

poet, 69
Magdeburg, archbishopric of, 623, 626 sq.;
642, 644

Albert von Brandenburg, Archbishop
of, 625 sq.

Günther II von Schwarzburg, Arch-
bishop of, 623

Ludolf, Archbishop of, 620

Magus Muir, Archbishop Sharp murdered
on, 285

Maine, customs of, 13

31

Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of,

Maintenon, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise
de, 19 sqq.; and the Revocation of the
Edict of Nantes, 23 sq; 31; 77; 87;
and Père La Chaise, 89; 423; 447
Mainz, taken by the Germans, 57, 661;
409; 435

Mainz, Albert von Brandenburg, Cardinal,
Elector of, 625 sq.

Johann Philip von Schönborn,
Elector of, 43

Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Elec-
tor of, 403

Maitland, John, Duke of Lauderdale. See
Lauderdale
Majorca, 446

Malabar, Portuguese and Dutch in, 695 sq.
Malayan Archipelago, 696

Malebranche, Nicolas de, 65; 78 sq.; 86
Malherbe, François, 64 sqq.; 69
Malmö, siege of, 570

Malpighi, Marcello, 727; 729; 734; bo-
tanical studies of, 735 sq.; 737
Malplaquet, battle of, 425 sq., 436, 668
Malta, Great Britain and, 444
Knights of, 342

Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl
of, 93; 100

Mancini, Maria, and Louis XIV, 19

Hortense, Duchesse de Mazarin, 106
Mannheim, sacked, 56; 409; 435
Manso, Giovanni Battista, and Milton, 118
Manton, Thomas, Nonconformist divine,

201

Mantua, French force at, 402; 403; 415;
duchy of, 451

Charles di Gonzaga (Duke of
Nevers), Duke of, 349

Charles IV, Duke of, 401

Mar, John Erskine, Earl of, Scottish Secre-
tary of State, 299

Maracaibo, captured by Grammont, 691
Maranhão, revolt in, 678; 679

Marathas, treaty of, with the English, 698
Marbella Point, naval engagement off, 413
Marchiennes, depot of the Allies, 433 sq.
Marderfeld, Arvid Axel, Swedish general,

595

Mardyk, harbour at, 442
Margaret, Empress, 349; 377
Margeret, Jacques, French officer in Russia,

513

Maria Anna, Empress, 340; 376

of Bavaria, Dauphine, 41
Queen Consort of Charles II of
Spain, 34 sq.; illness of, 379; and the
Spanish Succession, 381; 385; 391 sq.
Queen Consort of Philip IV of

Spain, 34 sq.; 45; 373

Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, 639
Miloslavskaia, Tsaritsa, 506

Nagaia, Tsaritsa, 495 sq.

Sophia, Queen of Portugal, 35
Teresa, Queen of France, 19; death
of, 20; 30; 33; and the Spanish Nether-
lands, 36, 152; 376 sq.

Theresa, Empress, 354; 543
Marialva y Menezes, Antonio Luis, Count
de Castanhede, Portuguese general, 34
Marie de' Medici, Queen of France, 72
Marie-Louise, Queen Consort of Charles II
of Spain, 34 sq.

Marie-Louise, Queen Consort of Philip V
of Spain, 445; 447

Marienbourg, ceded to France, 33

Marienburg, 632; siege of, 633; 634 sq.
Marillac, and the dragonnades, 24
Mariotte, Edme, physicist, 715
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of,
envoy to Louis XIV, 231; at Sedgmoor,
232; and the Prince of Orange, 243,
247; 246; 255; and James II, 262;
266; in Ireland, 316; and the Grand
Alliance (1701), 398; character and
military genius of, 405, 436 sq., 460 sqq.;
in the Netherlands (1702), 406 sqq.;
march of, to the Danube, 409; at
Blenheim, 410 sq.; 412 sq.; returns to
the Netherlands, 414; designs of, on
Toulon, 412, 414, 419, 426; at Ramillies,
415 sq.; and the peace negotiations, 417,
420, 422 sq., 427; visits Charles XII,
417, 596 sq.; in the Netherlands, 418;
at Oudenarde, 420 sq.; 424; at Mal-
plaquet, 425; declining influence of, in
England, 428; 429; successes of, against
Villars, 431; dismissal of, 431, 471; 432;
and religious toleration, 334;

440;

457 sq.; and party government, 462 sqq.;
created duke, 463; 465 sq.; Earl of Ox-
ford and, 470 sq.; Peter the Great and,
595; 609; missions of, to Berlin, 666 sq.
Sarah, Duchess of, 428; 460; 462;
565 sq.

Marsaglia, battle of, 61
Marsh, Francis, Archbishop of Dublin, and
the Committee on Irish affairs, 316
Marsin, Ferdinand, Comte de, Marshal of
France, 409 sqq.; 414; 416
Marstrand, captured by Tordenskiold, 583
Martel, Rear-admiral de, 195 sq.

Martha, Tsarevna, imprisonment of, 525
Martin, François, founder of Pondicherry,
703

Martinet, French infantry inspector, 18
Martinique, English attack on, 60; 687 sq.
Marvell, Andrew, 132; 216; 218

Mary, Princess Royal of England. See
Orange

II, Queen of England, 44; 46; 128;
211; proposed marriage of, 213; mar-
riage of, 163, 219; and William III, 167;
coronation of, ib.; 239; 243; 249 sq.;
proclaimed Queen, 251; character and
influence of, 258; death of, ib.; 261; and
the Scottish crown, 292; 315

of Modena, Queen of England,
marriage of, 211; 232; 234; gives birth
to a son, 241 sq.; flight of, to France,
247 sq.; 255

d'Arquien, Queen of Poland, 350;
354; 356; 365

di Gonzaga, Queen of Poland, 349
Maryland, Labadists in, 756
Mascaron, Jules, French preacher, 79
Masham, Abigail, Lady Masham, 465 sq.
Masovia, Conrad, Duke of, 630

953

Mazepa, Ivan, Cossack Hetman, 596 sqq.;
and Charles XII, 599; and Peter the
Great, 599 sqq.; 601 sqq.
Mecca, pilgrim route to, 699
Mecklenburg, 435; Swedish army in, 608;
610 sq.; 667

Dukes, and the Kurmark, 618
Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Gustavus Adolphus,
Duke of, 663

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Catharine, Duchess
of, 550

Charles Leopold, Duke of,550; 611 sq.
Médard, St, miracles of, 91
Medici, Cosimo de', 739
Medina-Celi, Duke of, Spanish statesman,
35

Mediterranean Sea, French supremacy in,
44, 53, 61; English fleet in, 61 sq., 426;
Dutch fleet in, 161; England and, 262,
419, 694; the Turks in, 349; France and,
404; the Allies in, 411 sqq.
Medway, the Dutch in the, 113, 150 sq.,
172, 188 sq.

Meerman, John, embassy of, to England,

152

Meinders, Franz von, Brandenburg Privy
Councillor, 663

Melfort, John Drummond, Earl of, 289; 308
Melgar, Count de, Admiral of Castile, 35
Mello, Francisco de, Portuguese ambassador
to England, 105

Memel, 630; dues of, 638, 641

Menin, 63; 416; the Barrier Treaties and,
457 sqq.

Menshikoff, Alexander Danilovich, Russian
statesman and general, 525; 547; 549;
and the succession to Catharine I, 551 sq.;