Understanding Materials Science: History, Properties, Applications, Second Editionties and applications of metals, alloys, ceramics, plastics, and electronic materials by means of easily understandable expla- tions and entertaining historical facts. It is also intended to raise the readers’ awareness of their obligations to society as pract- ing engineers and scientists. What has been changed compared to the first edition? Na- rally, there is always room for improvement. Accordingly, a large number of additions, corrections, and clarifications have been made on almost each page. Furthermore, the treatment of “hi- tech ceramics” has been substantially expanded (mostly at the suggestions of my colleagues) by including topics such as silicon nitride ceramics, transformation-toughened zirconia, alumina, ultra-hard ceramics, and bioceramics. A separate section on c- posite materials has been added, including fiber-reinforced composites, particular composites, and laminar composites. A section on advanced fabrics seemed to be of interest to the re- ers. Most of all, however, Chapter 18 (Economic and Envir- mental Considerations) has been rewritten and expanded in many places by updating the statistical information on prices of materials, production figures, world reserves, consumption (p- ticularly oil), recycling (particularly plastics, paper, household batteries, electronic scrap, automobiles), the possible use of “b- diesel” (rape plant oil), waste prevention, lead-free solder, energy savings through recycling, efficient design, and stability of - terials. The iron and steel production statistics were updated in Chapter 7, and new figures on gold production and consumption were included in Chapter 17. |
Contents
| 12 | |
Mechanisms | 24 |
The Bronze Age | 66 |
Alloys and Compounds | 74 |
6 | 102 |
The Iron | 125 |
The Age of Electronic Materials | 171 |
Electrical Properties of Materials | 185 |
Thermal Properties of Materials | 271 |
No Ceramics Age? | 287 |
From Natural Fibers to ManMade Plastics | 326 |
Gold | 366 |
Economic and Environmental Considerations | 373 |
What Does the Future Hold? | 407 |
Tables of Physical Constants | 417 |
| 427 | |
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Common terms and phrases
alloys aluminum amount applied atoms band bonds called carbon causes cell ceramics Chapter charge clay color compared composition conductivity considerably considered consist constant contains cooling copper crystal deformation depends depicted diffusion direction dislocation electric electrons energy equation essentially eutectoid eventually example fibers field Figure force Further given glass gold grain grain boundaries hard heat higher increase involved ions iron Italy known larger lattice lead light liquid lower magnetic mass materials mechanical melting metals named natural Note observed occurs optical oxide particles particularly peritectic phase piece plane plastics Plate polymers positive present probably production properties recycling reduced region relatively resistance Schematic shown silicon slip solid solution Source Specifically steel strength stress structure substances surface Table takes temperature thermal tion types United utilized wood yields