JAMAICA/JAPAN Labor force: 672,000 (1975); 29% in agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, 12% manufacturing/mining, 8% public administration, 5% construction, 10% commerce, 3% transportation and utilities, 33% services; 25% unemployed; shortage of technical and managerial personnel Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Commonwealth since August 1962, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Kingston Political subdivisions: 12 parishes and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 7 August Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 60-member elected House of Representatives; 21-member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leader: Prime Minister Michael N. Manley; Governor General Florizel Glasspole Suffrage: universal, age 18 and over Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but within 5 years; latest held 15 December 1976 Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga Voting strength: (1976 general elections) 56.8% PNP, 43.2% JLP Communists: Communist Party of Jamaica (1975) and Worker's Party of Jamaica (1978) probably have combined membership of only several hundred Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group); Workers Liberation League (a Marxist coalition of students/labor) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS, Pan American Health Organization, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $3.7 billion (est. 1978), $1,680 per capita; real growth rate 1978, -2% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, citrus fruits, bananas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa Major industries: bauxite mining, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, tourism Electric power: 850,000 kW capacity (1978); 2.9 billion kWh produced (1978), 1,310 kWh hr. per capita Exports: $807 million (f.o.b., 1978); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $946 million (c.i.f., 1978); fuels, machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 44%, U.K. 20%, Norway 11%, Canada 8%; imports-U.S. 36%, U.K. 10%, Canada 6% (1977) Budget: (1978/79)—revenue $803 million, expenditure $1,119 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar = US$0.645 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 330 km, all standard gage (1.435 m), single track Highways: 11,250 km total; 7,600 km paved, 2,150 km gravel, 1,500 km improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 10 km Ports: 3 major (Kingston, Montego Bay, Montego Freeport), 10 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in Airfields: 42 total, 22 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 111,000 telephones (5.0 per 100 popl.); 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station; 8 AM, 11 FM, and 9 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables JAPAN Ethnic divisions: 99.2% Japanese, 0.8% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 99% Labor force (1978): 55.3 million; 11% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 34% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 48% trade and services; 5% government; 2.0% unemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures (Ryukyus became 47th prefecture on 15 May 1972) Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 29 April Branches: Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the Lower House of the bicameral, elective legislature (Diet); judiciary is independent Government leader: Emperor Hirohito; Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general elections held every 4 years or upon dissolution of Lower House, triennially for one-half of Upper House Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), M. Ohira, President; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), I. Asukata, Chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), R. Sasaki, Chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), K. Miyamoto, Presidium Chairman; Komeito (CGP), Y. Takeiri, Chairman; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono; Social Democratic Federation (SDF), H. Den Voting strength (1979 election): 44.6% LDP, 19.7% JSP, 10.4% JCP, 9.8% CGP, 6.8% DSP, 3.0% NLC, 5.7% independents and minor parties Communists: approximately 400,000 registered Communist Party members Member of: ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $980 billion (1978, at 210.4 yen-US$1); $8,520 per capita (1978); 53% personal consumption, 33% investment, 7% government current expenditure, 1% stocks, and 6% foreign balance; real growth rate 5.6% (1978); average annual growth rate (1976-78), 5.8% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated-rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 72% self-sufficient in food (1974); food shortages-meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oil and fats; caloric intake, 2,502 calories per day per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 10.7 million metric tons (1977) Major industries: metallurgical and engineering industries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 102 million metric tons produced (1978) Electric power: 130,562,000 kW capacity (1978); 574.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 5,000 kWh per capita Exports: $95.6 billion (f.o.b., 1978); 64% machinery and equipment, 12% iron and steel, 5% chemicals Imports: $70.9 billion (f.o.b., 1978); 40% fossil fuels, 14% foodstuffs, 8% machinery and equipment Major trade partners: exports-26% U.S., 7% Communist countries, 15% Western Europse; imports-19% U.S., 10% Western Europe, 5% Communist countries Aid: Japanese official foreign economic aid disbursements 1978, $2.2 billion Budget: revenues $108 billion, expenditures $179 billion, deficit $71 billion (general account for fiscal year ending March 1980) Monetary conversion rate: 235 yen US$1 (mid-October 1979), floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 28,912 km total (1976); 1,077 km standard gage (1.435 m), 27,835 km predominantly narrow gage (1.067 m), 6,195 km double track, 7,376 km or 26% of total route length electrified; 73% government-owned JAPAN/JORDAN Highways: 1,067,643 km total (1976); 338,343 km paved, most of remainder gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: approx. 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 109 km; natural gas, 1,847 km Ports: 53 major, over 2,000 minor Civil air: 253 major transport aircraft Airfields: 191 total, 181 usable; 125 with permanentsurface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international service; 50.6 million telephones (44.2 per 100 popl); 167 AM stations, 48 FM stations plus 429 relay stations; 5,525 TV stations (192 major-1 kw or greater), and 2 ground satellite stations; submarine cables to U.S. (via Guam), Philippines, China, and U.S.S.R. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 30,441,000; 25,522,000 fit for military service; about 815,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: defense industry potential is large, with capability of producing the most sophisticated equipment; manufactured equipment includes small arms artillery, armored vehicles, and other types of ground forces materiel, aircraft (jet and prop), naval vessels (submarines, guided missile and other destroyers, patrol craft, mine warfare ships, and other minor craft including amphibious, auxiliaries, service craft, and small support ships), small amounts of all types of army materiel Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1981, $10.4 billion; about 5.2% of total budget Although approximately 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there under the Israeli occupation, the remainder having fled to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been more than offset by other Arabs who have crossed and are continuing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and certain other effects of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war are not included in the data below. LAND 96,089 km2 (including about 5,439 km2 occupied by Israel); 11% agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1% forested Land boundaries: 1,770 km (1967, 1,668 km excluding occupied areas) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 26 km PEOPLE Population: 3,104,000, including West Bank and East Jerusalem (January 1980), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7-70 to 7-76); East Bank, 2,290,000, average annual growth rate 3.5% (7-71 to 7-76); West Bank, including East Jerusalem, 814,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (1-71 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Jordanian(s); adjective-Jordanian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 90%-92% Sunni Muslim, 8%-10% Christian Language: Arabic official, English widely understood among upper and middle classes Literacy: about 50%-55% in East Jordan; somewhat less than 60% in West Jordan Labor force: 638,000; less than 5% unemployed GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amman Political subdivisions: 8 governorates (3 are under Israeli occupation) under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, and dissolved by King in February 1976; a National Consultative Council appointed JORDAN/KAMPUCHEA by the King in March 1978 as temporary substitute for House of Representatives; Senate last appointed by King in January 1979 present parliament subservient to executive; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions in desert areas Government leader: King Hussein Suffrage: all citizens over age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957; Palestine Liberation Organization and various smaller fedayeen groups clandestinely active on West Bank; Muslim Brotherhood Communists: party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500 Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1.9 billion (East Bank only, 1977), $870 per capita; real growth rate (1977), 10% Agriculture: main crops-fruits, vegetables, olive oil, wheat; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement production, light manufacturing Electric power: 280,000 kW capacity (1978); 750 million kWh produced (1978), 340 kWh per capita, East Bank only Exports: $310 million (f.o.b., 1978); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 7% of total (1977) Imports: $1,502.2 million (c.i.f., 1978); petroleum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 9% of total (1977) Aid: economic-OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $1,143.1 million; U.S. (1970-76), $486.3 million; Communist countries (1970-76), $26.5 million; Western countries (1970-76), $213.4 million; military-U.S. (1970-76), $459.6 million Budget: (1978)-$508 million public revenue, $720 million current expenditures, $485 million development expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar=US$3.04, freely convertible (1977 average); 1 Jordanian dinar= US$3.36 (February 1979) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 817 km 1.050-meter gage, single track Highways: 6,332 total; 4,837 paved, 1,495 gravel and crushed stone Pipelines: crude oil, 209 km Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in GOVERNMENT KAMPUCHEA/KENYA Legal name: Democratic Kampuchea (functions in the countryside); People's Republic of Kampuchea (pro-Vietnamese, in Phnom Penh) Type: both are Communist states Capital: Phnom Penh Political subdivisions: 19 or 20 provinces under Democratic Kampuchea; 19 provinces in People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) Legal system: Judicial Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Kampuchea; no information for PRK National holiday: 17 April for both regimes Branches: State Presidium, composed of chairman and two vice chairmen; cabinet, totally Communist; 250-member People's Representative Assembly elected 20 March 1976 for 5-year term; ten-member Assembly Standing Committee in Democratic Kampuchea; Peoples Revolutionary Council, composed of 8 members, and a "National Congress" held in early 1979 and a second time in September 1979 in PRK Government leaders: Presidium Chairman and Prime Minister Khieu Samphan; Deputy Prime Ministers, leng Sary, Son Sen; Assembly Standing Committee Chairman, Nuon Chea in Democratic Kampuchea; People's Revolutionary Council President Heng Samrin, Vice President Pen Sovan, and Ministers Hun Sen and Chea Sim in PRK Suffrage: universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party in Democratic Kampuchea; Kampuchean National United Front for National Salvation (KNUFNS) and separate Kampuchean Communist Party in PRK Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, IMF, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, U.N., WTO for Democratic Kampuchea; none for PRK ECONOMY GNP: less than $500 million (1971), probably less than $50 per capita (1978) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops-rice, rubber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1978); 150 million kWh produced (1978), 20 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $1 million est. (1978); natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood Imports: probably less than $20 million (1978); food, fuel, machinery Trade partners: (1978) exports-China; imports-China, North Korea |
