PEOPLE

Population: 15,660,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 3.6% (current)

Nationality: noun-Kenyan(s); adjective-Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% European, Arab, and others

Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Hindu

Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has own language

Literacy: 27%

Labor force: 2.5 million; about 977,000, (39%) in monetary economy (1967)

Organized labor: about 215,000

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Kenya

Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963

Capital: Nairobi

Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at University Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday: 12 December

Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Assembly must be reelected at least every 5 years; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal

Government leader: President Daniel T. arap Moi Suffrage: universal over age 21

Elections: general election (held November 1979) elected present National Assembly and president

Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), president, Daniel arap Moi

Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly

Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers

Other political or pressure groups: labor unions

Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWCInternational Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNEP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $4.7 billion (1978), $320 per capita; real average annual growth rate, 4.8% (1970-77)

Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops-corn, wheat, sugarcane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: 40,883 metric tons (1976)

Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement, tourism

Electric power: 420,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita

Exports: $957.5 million (f.o.b., 1978); coffee ($524 million), tea, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract

Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1978); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles

Major trade partners: EC, Japan, Iran, U.S., Zambia, Uganda

Budget: (FY78/79) current revenues $1,198.7 million; current expenditures $1,071.2 million; development expenditures $501.9 million

Monetary conversion rate: 7.73 Kenya shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 2,040 km meter gage (1.00 m)

Highways: 50,840 km total; 4,300 km paved, 12,160 km gravel and/or earth; 26,880 km improved earth and 7,500 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph systems are within boundaries of Kenya Pipelines: refined products, 483 km Ports: 1 major (Mombasa)

Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in Airfields: 223 total, 200 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 36 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Nairobi, secondary centers Mombasa and Nakuru; 144,000 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, and 5 TV stations; Atlantic and Indian Ocean satellite service from 1 station

Pacific Ocean

UNITED STATES

KIRIBATI

Gilbert Is.

Christmas I.

F

FIJI

(See reference map VIII)

(See reference map VII)

Population: 52,000 (preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973)

Nationality: noun-Kiribatian(s); adjective-Kiribati Ethnic divisions: Micronesian

GDP: $740 per capita (1974)

Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing

Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1978); 45 million kWh produced (1978), 870 kWh per capita

Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$

Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian$= US$1 March 1976

LAND

121,730 km2; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest, scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban Land boundaries: 1,675 km

Population: 19,014,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current)

Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean
Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous

Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent

Language: Korean

Literacy: 90% (est.)

Labor force: 6.1 million; 48% agriculture, 52% non-agricultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule

Capital: P'yongyang

Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 3 special cities (Pyongyang, Kaesong, and Chongjin)

Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 9 September

Branches: Supreme Peoples Assembly theoretically supervises Legislative and Judicial function; State Administration Council (cabinet) oversees ministerial operations

Government and party leaders: Kim Il-song, President DPRK, and General Secretary of the Korean Workers Party; Yi Chong-Ŏk, Premier

Suffrage: universal at age 17

Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not necessarily followed-last election November 1977

Political party: Korean Workers (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about 2 million, or about 11% of population

Member of: FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IPU, IRCS, ITU, U.N. (observer status only), UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO

ECONOMY

GNP: $10.4 billion (1978 in 1975 dollars), $570 per capita Agriculture: main crops-corn, rice, vegetables; food shortages-meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low levels of consumption Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, coking coal, petroleum

Crude steel: 3.4 million metric tons produced (1978), 186 kg per capita

Electric power: 4,889,000 kW capacity (1978); 26.3 billion kWh produced (1978), 1,450 kWh per capita Exports: $967 million (1978); minerals, chemical and metallurgical products

Imports: $902 million (1978); machinery and equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, coking coal

Major trade partners: total trade turnover $1.9 billion (1978); 36% with non-Communist countries, 64% with Communist countries

Aid: economic and military aid from the U.S.S.R. and China

Monetary conversion rate: 1.79 won - US$1
Fiscal year: calendar year

Population: 39,458,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current)

Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000)

Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism); vigorous Christian minority (16.6% Christian population); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents

Language: Korean

Literacy: about 90%

Labor force: about 13.9 million (1978); 38% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 23% mining and manufacturing; 39% services and other; average unemployment 3.2% (1978) Organized labor: about 13% of nonagricultural labor

force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Korea

Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Capital: Seoul

Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed

Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1972; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: 15 August

Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), judiciary, National Conference of Unification

Government leaders: President Ch'oe Kyu-ha; Prime Minister Sin Hyōn-hwak

Suffrage: universal over age 20

Elections: presidential every 6 years indirectly by the National Conference of Unification, last election May 1978; two-thirds of the 231-member National Assembly is elected directly for the same period within six months of the presidential election, remaining third nominated by the President and elected by the National Conference for a three-year term; last National Assembly election December 1978, Revitalization Group-77 seats, Democratic Republican Party-83 seats, New Democratic Party-68 seats, Democratic Unification Party-3 seats

Political parties and leaders: pro-government-Revitalization Group (appointed) (Chairman, Ch'oe Yong-hui) and Democratic Republican Party (President, Kim Chong-pil); New Democratic Party (President, Kim Yong-sam); Democratic Unification (Chairman, Yang Il-tong)

Voting strength: (1978 election) popular vote 14,912,443; DRP 31.7%, NDP 32.8%, DUP 7.4%, Independent 27.1%; 1.0% invalid

Communists: Communist activity banned by government; an estimated 37,000-50,000 former members and supporters

Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Korean National Christian Council; large potentially volatile student population concentrated in Seoul

Member of: AALCC (Afro Asian League Consultative Committee), ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, APACL— Asian People's Anti-Communist League, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNIDO, U.N. Special Fund, UPU, WACL-World Anti-Communist League, WHO, WMO, WTO; official observer at U.N., does not hold U.N. membership ECONOMY

GNP: $47.35 billion (1978, in 1978 prices), $1,220 per capita; real growth 11.6% (1978); real growth 11.1% (1973-78 average)

Agriculture: 34% of the population live on the land, but agriculture, forestry and fishery constitute 22% of GNP; main crops-rice, barley; food shortages-wheat, dairy products, corn

Fishing: catch 2,354,000 metric tons (1978)

Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers, chemicals, plywood, steel, electronics Shortages: base metals, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains

Electric power: 6,916,000 kW capacity (1978); 31.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 810 kWh per capita

Exports: $12.7 billion (f.o.b., 1978); textiles and clothing, electrical machinery, plywood, footwear, steel, ships, fish Imports: $15.0 billion (c.i.f., 1978); machinery, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, wood

Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 21% Japan; imports-40% Japan, 20% U.S. (1978)

Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-78), $5.9 billion committed; Japan (1965-75), $1.8 billion extended; military-U.S. (FY 46-78) $7.3 billion committed

Budget: $9.4 billion (1979)

Monetary conversion rate: rate fixed at 484 won=US$1 since December 1974

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Highways: 79,800 km total (1978); 9,400 km national highway, 10,900 km provincial roads, 12,500 km country roads, 47,000 km village access roads

Freight carried: rail (1976) 9.2 billion metric ton/km, 43.6 million metric tons; highway 21.8 million metric tons; air (1959) 361,184 kg carried

Pipelines: 515 km refined products
Ports: 10 major, 18 minor

Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 120 total, 113 usable; 55 with permanentsurface runways; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international services; 2.0 million telephones (5.2 per 100 population); 95 AM stations; 19 FM stations; and 25 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station

Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel GOVERNMENT

Legal name: State of Kuwait

Type: nominal constitutional monarchy
Capital: Kuwait

Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 10 voting constituencies

Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution took effect 1963; key provisions regarding election of National Assembly suspended in August 1976; judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: 25 February
Branches: Council of Ministers

Government leader: Amir Jabir al-Ahmad al-Sabah Suffrage: native born and naturalized males age 21 or over; law requires 20 years residency after naturalization Elections: National Assembly dissolved by Emir's decree in August 1976; possibly will be reconvened in August 1980 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active

Communists: insignificant

Other political or pressure groups: large (300,000) Palestinian community

Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $12.8 billion (1977), $11,780 per capita est. Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported

Major industries: crude petroleum production average for 1977, 1.92 million b/d; government revenues from taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption, $9.0 billion, preliminary est. for 1976; refinery production 132 million bbls (1977), average b/d refinery capacity equaled 645,000 bbls at end of 1976; other major industries include processing of fertilizers, chemicals; building materials; flour

Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1978); 8 billion kWh produced (1978), 6,645 kWh per capita

Exports: $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1978), of which petroleum accounted for about 90%; nonpetroleum exports are mostly reexports, $800 million (1977 est.)

Imports: $4.6 billion (c.i.f., 1978 est.); major suppliersU.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany

Budget: (1977) $7.9 billion revenues; expenditures $5.3 billion; capital $1.2 billion

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kuwaiti dinar = US$3.63 (1978)

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none

Highways: 2,545 km total; 2,255 km bituminous; 290 km earth, sand, light gravel

Pipelines: crude oil, 877 km; refined products, 40 km; natural gas, 121 km

Ports: 3 major (Ash Shuwaikh, Ash Shuaybah, Mina al Ahmadi), 4 minor

Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: excellent international and adequate domestic telecommunication facilities; 153,000 telephones (12.0 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 1 FM and 3 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Indian and Atlantic Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, about 314,000; about 184,000 fit for military service

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1980, $871 million; 7% of central government budget