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MALI

Population: 6,553,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current)

Nationality: noun-Malian(s); adjective-Malian Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent

Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread Literacy: under 5%

Labor force: 2.8 million

Organized labor: Union National des Travailleurs Maliens (UNTM) is umbrella organization over thirteen national

unions

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Mali

Type: republic; military regime in power since November 1968; fulfilled its plans in June 1979 for a phased return to civilian rule

Capital: Bamako

Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government

Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, comes into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11

army officers; under MCNL functional cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary

Government leaders: Brig. Gen. Moussa Traore, President of MCNL, Chief of State, and head of government Suffrage: universal over age 21

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), is the sole political party under civilian leadership

Elections: constitutional elections took place June 1979 Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY

GDP: $839.1 million (1978), $130 per capita; annual real growth rate 5.8% (1973-76)

Agriculture: main crops-millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops-peanuts, cotton, and livestock Fishing: catch 7,500 tons (1977)

Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing

Electric power: 42,000 kW capacity (1977); 105 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita

Exports: estimated $94 million (f.o.b., 1978); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, and skins

Imports: $195.1 million (c.i.f., 1978); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar

Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R., China

Budget: (1978) expenditures $123.4 million; capital expenditures $7.3 million; revenues $113.5 million Monetary conversion rate: 491.34 Mali francs=US$1,

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1977

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 642 km meter gage (1.00 m)

Highways: approximately 15,699 km total; 1,669 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable

Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 42 total, 37 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; radio relay, wire, and radiocommunications stations in use; expansion of radio relay in progress; 5,000 telephones (under 0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 antennas for Atlantic and Indian Ocean INTELSAT, one satellite station connects to Algerian system

MALI/MALTA

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Capital: Valletta

Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 13 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Branches: executive, consisting of Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative, comprising 65-member House of Representatives; independent judiciary

National holiday: Republic Day, 13 December Government leader: Prime Minister Dominic Mintoff Suffrage: universal over age 18; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election September 1976

Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Edward Fenech Adami; Malta Labor Party, Dom Mintoff

Voting strength (1976 election): Labor, 34 seats (51.54%); Nationalist, 31 seats (48.43%)

Communists: less than 100 (est.)

Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO

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ECONOMY

GNP: $764 million (1978), $2,290 per capita; 68% private consumption, 22% gross investment; 16% government consumption, -6% net foreign sector; in 1978 real GNP growth was 11% (1978 prelim.); 12.5% (1971-76 average)

Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk and pork products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and fruits at various seasons; main products-potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; 2,680 calories per day per capita Major industries: ship repair yard, clothing, building industry, food manufacturing, textiles, tourism

Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be imported

Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1978); 460 million kWh produced (1978), 1,380 kWh per capita

Exports: $345 million (f.o.b., 1978); clothing, textiles, ships, printed matter

Imports: $668 million (c.i.f., 1978)

Major trade partners: 70% EC-nine (24% U.K., 20% West Germany, 13% Italy); 6% est. U.S. (1978)

Budget: (1978/79) projects $283 million in expenditures. $220 million in revenues

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Maltese pound = US$2.60 (average 1978)

Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

COMMUNICATIONS

Highways: 1,271 km total; 1,159 km paved (asphalt), 77

km crushed stone or gravel, 35 km improved and unimproved earth

Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 2 minor

MALTA/MARTINIQUE

Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased in) Airfields: 4 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: modern automatic telecom system centered in Valletta; 67,250 telephones (21.8 per 100 popl.); 1 TV, 5 AM, and 4 FM stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable

DEFENSE FORCES

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Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African

Language: French, Creole patois

Literacy: over 70%

Labor force: 100,000; 23% agriculture, 20% public services, 11% construction and public works, 10% commerce and banking, 10% services, 9% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 11% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Department of Martinique

Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate; incumbent deputies Aime Cesaire, Camille Petit, and Victor Sable reelected to National Assembly, 12 March 1978

Capital: Fort-de-France

Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council

Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council including all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system

Government leader: Prefect Raymond Heim left post 14 April 1979; no replacement named as of end-May 1979 Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: General Council elections normally are held every five years; last General Council election took place in March 1978

Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Emile Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the Left, leader unknown Voting strength: RPR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1973 election)

Communists: 1,000 estimated

Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS)

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ECONOMY

GNP: $1,169 million (1977 at current prices), $3,570 per capita

Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples Major industries: agricultural processing, particularly sugar milling and rum distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism

MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA

Electric power: 95,500 kW capacity (1977); 150 million kWh produced (1977), 460 kWh per capita

Exports: $128.1 million (f.o.b., 1977); bananas, refined petroleum products, rum, sugar, pineapples

Imports: $426.5 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum

Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (1970-77) from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $1.7 billion; no military aid

Major trading partners: exports-82% France, 9% Italy, 9% other; imports-70% France, 6% United States, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 18% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.75 French francs= US$1 (1976)

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none

Highways: 1,606 km total; 1,200 km paved, 400 km gravel and earth

Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Airfields: 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m

Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 38,500 telephones (12.2 per 100 popl.); inter-island VHF and UHF radio links; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, included in France

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WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 70 nm (fishing, 200 nm)

Coastline: 754 km

PEOPLE

Population: 1,574,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current)

Nationality: noun-Mauritanian(s); adjective-Mauri

tanian

Ethnic divisions: 30% Moor, 30% Black, 40% mix Moor/Black

Religion: nearly 100% Muslim

Language: Arabic is the national language, French is the working language for government and commerce

Literacy: about 10%

Labor force: about 95,000 wage earners (1979); remainder of population in farming and herding; considerable unemployment

Organized labor: 30,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Type: republic; military seized power in bloodless coup 10 July 1978

Capital: Nouakchott

Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capital district NOTE: Mauritania acquired administrative control of the southern third of Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara under a 1975 agreement with Morocco and Spain. Following an August 1979 peace agreement with Polisario insurgents fighting for control of the Western Sahara, Mauritania withdrew from the province and renounced all territorial claims.

Legal system: based on French and Islamic law; military constitution April 1979

National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November Branches: executive, Military Committee for National Salvation rules by decree; National Assembly and judiciary suspended pending restoration of civilian rule

Government leader: Chief of State and Head of Government, Mohamed Khouma Ould Haidalla

Suffrage: universal for adults

Elections: in abeyance; last election October 1975

Political parties and leaders: suspended

Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers

Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, CEAO, CIPEC (associate), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

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January 1980

MAURITANIA/MAURITIUS

ECONOMY

GDP: about $324.7 million (1978 prov.), $210 per capita, average annual increase in current prices about 2% (1971-78)

Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products-livestock, small grains, dates; cash crops-gum arabic; livestock

Fishing: catch, 34,170 metric tons; exports, 29,891 metric tons (1975)

Major industries: mining of iron ore and copper, fishing Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 70 kWh per capita

Exports: $140 million (f.o.b., 1978 prov.); iron ore, fish,

copper

Imports: $325 million (f.o.b., 1978 prov.); foodstuffs, capital goods

Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners

Budget: 1978 prov. $232 million expenditures, $32.5 million grants, $136.4 million revenue

Monetary conversion rate: 46.7 Ouguiyas=US$1 as of

1978

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 650 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, privately owned

Highways: 6,090 km total; 558 km paved; 607 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved; 4,925 km unimproved Inland waterways: 800 km

Ports: 1 major (Nouadhibou), 2 minor

Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 30 total, 30 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: fair system of cable and open-wire lines, a minor radio-relay link, and radiocommunications stations; 3,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM,$no FM or TV stations

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Population: 943,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 1.4% (7-71 to 7-78)

Nationality: noun-Mauritian(s); adjective-Mauritian Ethnic divisions: 67% Indians, 29% Creoles, 3.5% Chinese, 0.5% English and French

Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican Protestants), 16% Muslim

Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole

Literacy: estimated 60% for those over 21, and 90% for those of school age

Labor force: 175,000; 50% agriculture, 6% industry; 20% government services; 14% are unemployed, underemployed, or self-employed, 10% other

Organized labor: about 35% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Mauritius

Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State

Capital: Port Louis

Political subdivisions: 5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies

Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March 1968

National holiday: Independence Day, 12 March Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 21-man Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected

Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam

Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: legislative elections held in December 1976; municipal elections held in 1977

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