MOROCCO/MOZAMBIQUE Major trade partners: France, West Germany, Italy Budget: (1978) revenue $3.1 billion, expenditure $2.5 billion, development expenditure $1.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.5 dirhams = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,756 km standard gage (1.435 m), 161 km double track; 708 km electrified Highways: 55,970 km total; 24,700 km bituminous treated, 4,000 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 27,270 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas Ports: 8 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 10 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 79 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good system composed of wire lines, cables and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier and Tetouan; 210,000 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 4 FM, 27 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 2,470 km PEOPLE Population: 10,172,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Mozambican(s); adjective-Mozam bican Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: 65.6% animist, 21.5% Christian, 10.5% Muslim, 2.4% other Language: Portuguese (official); many tribal dialects Literacy: 15% (1974 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Mozambique Type: peoples republic; achieved independence from Portugal in June 1975 Capital: Maputo Political subdivisions: 10 provinces subdivided into about 94 districts; administrators are appointed by central government Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June Branches: none established Government leader: President Samora Moisés Machel Suffrage: not yet established Elections: information not available on future election schedule Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: none known Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $1.7 billion (1978 est.), about $170 per capita; average annual growth probably negative in 1975-77 Agriculture: cash crops-raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops-corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava; self-sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 1,664,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 470 kWh per capita Exports: $205 million (1978 est.); cashew nuts, cotton, sugar, mineral products, timber products, tea, copra MOZAMBIQUE/NAMIBIA Imports: $635 million (1978 est.); machinery and electrical equipment, cotton textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel Major trade partners: Portugal, South Africa, U.S., U.K., West Germany Budget: (FY76) expenditures, $415 million, revenues, $330 million Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos = US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,436 km total; 3,288 km 1.067-meter gage; 148 km narrow gage (0.750 m) Highways: 26,477 km total; 4,322 km paved; 607 km improved earth; 21,548 km unimproved earth, unconnected Inland waterways: approx. 3,750 km of navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 306 km (not operating) Ports: 3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 320 total, 283 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 34 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of troposcatter, openwire lines, and radio relay; principal centers Maputo, Beira, and Nampula; 55,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,248,000; 1,158,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from the USSR and PRC, and to a lesser extent from other Communist countries and Portugal Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $82.6 million; 21.7% of central government budget LAND NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) 823,620 km2; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Land boundaries: 3,798 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,489 km PEOPLE Population: 1,007,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Namibian(s); adjective-Namibian (See reference map VI) Ethnic divisions: 12% white, 6% mulatto, 82% African; almost half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German of 22% and English of 8%; several African languages Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite Labor force: 203,300 (total of economically active, 1970); 68% agriculture, 15% railroads, 13% mining, 4% fishing Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Namibia Type: former German colony of South-West Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate on October 27, 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Capital: Windhoek Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open(to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: since September 1977 an administrator-general, appointed by South African government, has exercised coordinative functions over zone of white settlement, where white-elected Legislative Assembly handles some local matters, and tribal homelands, where traditional chiefs and representative bodies exercise limited autonomy; Namibian National Assembly, elected December 1978, has advisory functions Government leader: Gerritt Viljoen, Administratorgeneral NAMIBIA NAURU Suffrage: franchise for Legislative Assembly limited to white adults; several tribal homelands have adult franchise for homeland legislatures; all ethnic groups were eligible to vote in 1979 election for Constituent Assembly Elections: last general election, Legislative Assembly, 1974; election of Constituent Assembly, December 1978 Political parties and leaders: white parties-Action Front for the Preservation of the Turnhalle Principles (AKTUR), Abraham H. du Plessis; Federal Party, Bryan O'Linn; Republican Party, Dirk Mudge; most of the nonwhite parties belong to one of two muli-ethnic alliances-the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), the traditional tribal leaders and the white Republican Party, or the Namibian National Front (NNF), the white Federal Party and nonwhite groups that oppose the bantustan system; South-West Africa People's Organization Democrats (SWAPO-D), a predominantly Ovambo party led by Andreas Shipanga, broke away from Nujoma's SWAPO and is loosely affiliated with NNF Voting strength: (1978 election) DTA won 41 seats in Constituent Assembly; AKTUR, 6 seats; 3 miniscule parties, 1 seat each; NNF, SWAPO, and SWAPO-D boycotted elections Communists: no Communist Party, SWAPO guerrilla force is supported by U.S.S.R., Cuba, and other Communist states as well as OAU Other political or pressure groups: South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), led by Sam Nujoma, maintains a foreign-based guerrilla movement; is predominantly Ovambo but has some influence among other tribes; is the only Namibian group recognized by the U.N. General Assembly and the Organization of African Unity ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predominates, subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: catch 404,145 metric tons (1977) (processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay) Major industries: meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, diamond, and uranium mining, dairy products Electric power: 297,400 kW capacity (1977); 1,110 million kWh produced (1977), 1,110 kWh per capita Aid: South Africa is only donor Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African Rand= US$1.15 (as of March 1978); 0.87 SA Rand= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,340 km 1.067-meter gage, single track Highways: 33,800 km; 3,800 km paved, remainder gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (Walvis Bay and Luderitz) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (registered in South Africa) Airfields: 116 total, 84 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 40 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good urban, fair rural services; radio relay connects major towns with wire to other population centers; Windhoek most important center; 45,000 telephones (4.5 per 100 popl.); 11 FM, no TV stations; AM stations under construction; radio relay extension planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 234,000; about 133,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa NAURU NEPAL NEPAL Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Yaren District Political subdivisions: 14 districts Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected 18-member unicameral legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet to assist the President, four members, appointed by President from Parliament members Government leader: President Hammer DeRoburt Elections: last held in November 1977 Political parties and leaders: governing faction, President DeRoburt; opposition Nauru Party, Lagumot Harris Member of: no present plans to join U.N.; enjoys "special membership" in Commonwealth; South Pacific Commission, ESCAP, INTERPOL, ITU, UPU ECONOMY GNP: over $120 million (1975), $17,140 per capita (est.) Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year Electric power: 9,000 kW capacity (1977); 26 million kWh produced (1977), 3,710 kWh per capita Exports: $120 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); consisting entirely of phosphates Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., FY70) Major trade partners: exports-7 5% Australia and New Zealand; imports-Australia, U.K., New Zealand, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar= US$1.1532 (September 1978) LAND (See reference map VII) 141,400 km2; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows and pastures, 38% alpine land (unarable), waste, or urban; 32% forested Land boundaries: 2,800 km PEOPLE Population: 14,719,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Nepalese (sing. and pl.); adjectiveNepalese Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo-Nepalese (about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%), representing considerable intermixture of Indo-Aryan and Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu (about 88%) and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects; Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same script as Hindi Literacy: about 12% Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of government NOTE: Nepal's political system for the future will be decided by popular referendum probably in the spring of 1980. If a multi-party system is instituted-as is virtually certain the section on "government" will have to be NEPAL/NETHERLANDS drastically overhauled. As things stand now, a caretaker government is in place; parties are still officially outlawed but are engaged in a lively and overt campaign in behalf of the multi-party option Capital: Kathmandu Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the King, 28 December Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected National Panchayat (Assembly) Government leaders: King Bir Bikram Shah Birendra; Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; district, zonal, and National Panchayat members indirectly elected, most for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class and professional organizations (women, workers, peasants, youth, and ex-servicemen), four directly elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 23 are appointed by the King Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed Communists: the combined membership of the two wings of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) about 6,500, the majority (perhaps 5,000) in the pro-Chinese wing; the CPN continues to operate more or less openly, but internal dissension has greatly hindered its effectiveness Other political or pressure groups: proscribed Nepali Congress Party led by B. P. Koirala Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $1.76 billion (FY79, at current prices), $130 per capita; 4% real growth in FY79 Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agriculture; main crops-rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick factories Electric power: 72,600 kW capacity (1978); 162 million kWh produced (1978), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $91 million est. (FY79); rice and other food products, jute, timber Imports: $241 million est. (FY79); manufactured consumer goods, fuel, construction materials, food products Major trade partner: over 80% India Budget: (FY78 prelim.) domestic revenues $129 million, expenditures $214 million Monetary conversion rate: 12 Nepalese rupees = US$1 Fiscal year: 15 July-14 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 63 km (1977), all narrow gage (0.762 m); all in Terai close to Indian border; 10 km from Raxaul to Biranj is government owned Highways: 4,136 km total; 1,751 km paved, 556 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,829 km improved and unimproved earth; additionally 322 km of seasonally motorable tracks Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 53 total, 52 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 10,000 telephones (less than 0.1 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations |