Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable

Pipelines: refined products, 800 km
Ports: 1 major (Port Sudan)

Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft

Ethnic divisions: 31% Creole (Negro and mixed), 37% Hindustani (East Indian), 15.3% Javanese, 10.3% Bush Negro, 2.6% Amerindian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.0% Europeans, 1.7% other and unknown

Religion: Hindu, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Moravian, other

Language: Dutch official; English widely spoken; Sranan Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki) is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population, and is lingua franca among others; Hindi; Javanese Literacy: 80%

Labor force: 118,000

Organized labor: approx. 33% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Suriname
Type: Parliamentary Democracy
Capital: Paramaribo

Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by District Commissioner responsible to Minister of District government and Decentralization except for Paramaribo, whose commissioner is responsible to Minister of Home Affairs

Legal system: Dutch civil law system; constitution adopted November 1975

National holiday: Independence Day, 25 November Branches: President (Chief of State) elected by Parliament for five-year term; Council of Ministers headed by a Prime Minister constitutes the Cabinet; 39-member Parliament popularly elected for 4-year term; court system administered by Attorney-General under Minister of Justice and Police

Government leaders: President, Johan H. E. Ferrier; Prime Minister, Henck Arron

Suffrage: universal over age 21

Elections: every 4 years or earlier upon request of Prime Minister; latest held October 1977 won by National Party Combination (NPK), a creole-based election coalition in which the National Party of Suriname (NPS) is the largest party

Political parties and leaders: National Party of Suriname (NPS), Henck Arron; Nationalist Republic Party (PNR), Edward Bruma (principal leftist party); Progressive Reform Party (VHP), J. Lachmon; Pendawa Lima, S. Somohardjo; Javanese Farmers' Party (KTPI), Willy Soemita; Progressive Suriname People's Party (PSV), Emile Wijntuin; Reformed Progressive Party (HPP), Pannalal Parmessar

Voting strength (1977): NPK 22 seats, Opposition United Democratic Parties Combination (VDP) 17 seats Communists: (all small groups) Democratic Peoples Front, Communist Party of Suriname (KPS)

Member of: EC (associate), ECLA, IBA, ILO, ITU, NAM, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WIPO, WMO

ECONOMY

GDP: $675 million (1977 est.); $1,590 per capita; real

growth rate 1977, 6.3%

Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugarcane, bananas; selfsufficient in major staple (rice)

Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing

Electric power: 189,000 kW capacity (1977); 1 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,350 kWh per capita

Exports: $348 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); bauxite, alumina, aluminum, wood and wood products, rice

Imports: $388 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); capital equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products

Major trade partners: exports-35% U.S., 34% EC, 18% other European countries; imports-34% U.S., 38% EC, 13% Caribbean countries, 18% Europe (1975)

Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-77) from U.S., $1.9 million, (1970-77) from other Western countries, $520.5 million; no military aid

Budget: revenue, $352 million; expenditure, $367 million (1978 est.)

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Suriname guilder (S. fl.) US$0.560 (average 1977)

Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 166 km total; 86 km meter gage (1.00 m) (government-owned) and 80 km narrow gage (industrial lines); all single track

Highways: 2,500 km total; 500 km paved, 200 km gravel, 600 km improved earth, 1,200 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 4,500 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging from 4.2 m to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches

Ports: 1 major (Paramaribo), 6 minor

Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in Airfields: 30 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: international facilities good; domestic radio-relay system; 21,000 telephones (5.3 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station

Legal name: Kingdom of Swaziland

Type: monarchy, under King Sobhuza II; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968 Capital: Mbabane (administrative)

Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts

Legal system: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 September Branches: constitution was repealed and Parliament dissolved by King in April 1973; new bicameral Parliament formally opened in January 1979; 80-member electoral college chose 40 members of lower house and 10 members of upper house; additional 10 members for each house chosen by King; executive authority vested in King whose assent is required before parliamentary acts become law; King's

authority exercised through Prime Minister and Cabinet who must be members of Parliament; judiciary is part of Ministry of Justice but otherwise independent of executive and legislative branches; cases from subordinate courts can be appealed to the High Court and the Court of Appeal. Government leaders: Head of State King Sobhuza II; Prime Minister Prince Mabandla (Fred E.) Dlamini Suffrage: universal for adults

Communists: no Communist Party

Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU, WHO

ECONOMY

GDP: approximately $224 million (FY74), about $470 per capita; growth rate in current prices as much as 11% (FY71-74)

Agriculture: main crops-maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits

Major industry: mining

Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 130 million kWh produced (1977), 250 kWh per capita

Exports: $183.9 million (f.o.b., 1978); sugar, iron ore, asbestos, wood and forest products, citrus, meat products, cotton

Imports: $231.4 million (c.i.f., 1978); motor vehicles, petroleum products, foodstuffs, and clothing

Major trade partners: South Africa, U.K., U.S. Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-77), $125 million; U.S. (1970-77), $11.6 million

Budget: 1977/78-revenue $92.2 million, recurrent expenditure $56.1 million, development expenditure $37.8 million

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Lilangeni - US$1.15 (as of March 1978)

Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 292 km 1.067-meter gage, single track Highways: 2,805 km total; 390 km paved, 1,158 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,257 km improved earth

Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 28 total, 22 usable; 1 with runway 1,2202,439 m

Telecommunications: system consists of a few openwire lines and low-powered radiocommunication stations; Mbabane is the center; 9,000 telephones (1.7 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV station

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 114,000; 66,000 fit for military service

Population: 8,302,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 0.2% (1-78 to 1-79)

Nationality: noun-Swede(s); adjective-Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; est. 12% foreign born or first generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks) Religion: 93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 4.9% other

Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages Literacy: 99%

Labor force: 4.2 million; 5.8% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 26.1% mining and manufacturing; 7.1% construction; 14.9% commerce; 6.8% communications; 33.3% services including government; 6.0% banking; 2.3% unemployed (March 1978)

Organized labor: 80% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Stockholm

Political subdivisions: 24 counties, 278 municipalities (townships)

Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; a new constitution was adopted in 1975 replacing the Acts of 1809, 1866, and 1949; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday: no national holiday; King's birthday, April 30, celebrated as such by Swedish Embassies

Branches: legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts

Government leaders: Chief of State King Carl XVI Gustaf; Head of Government Prime Minister Thorbjörn Fälldin

Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 18; after 3 years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal, but not in national elections

Elections: every 3 years (next in September 1982) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (conservative), Gosta Bohman; Center, Thorbjörn Fälldin; People's Party (Liberal), Ola Ullsten; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Left Party-Communist, Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party, Roland Petersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel; Swedish Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel; Communist Party of Marxist Leninists-Revolutionary (KFML-R), Frank Baude

Voting strength (1979 election): 43.2% Social Democratic, 20.3% Moderate Coalition, 18.1% Center, 10.6% Liberal, 5.6% Communist, 2.1% other

Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 327,079 votes cast for the three largest Communist parties in 1979 elections; an additional 17,274 votes cast for Maoist KFML

Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

ECONOMY

GDP: $87.3 billion, $10,550 per capita (1978); 52.8% private consumption, 19.5% investment, 28.9% government consumption; -1.7% inventory change; 0.5% net exports of goods and services; 1978 growth rate +2.8% in constant prices

Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops-grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient; sugar beets, 85% self sufficient; food shortages-oils and fats, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,820 calories per day per capita (1978)

Fishing: catch 159,900 metric tons (1978), exports $65 million, imports $213 million

Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt Crude steel: 4.3 million metric tons produced (1978), 520 kg per capita

Electric power: 25,300,000 kW capacity (1978); 90.2 billion kWh produced (1978), 10,902 kWh per capita

Exports: $27,000 million (f.o.b., 1979); machinery, motor vehicles, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals

Imports: $20,473 million (c.i.f., 1978); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals

Major trade partners: (1978) 15% West Germany, 11% U.K., 6% U.S., 9% Norway, 8% Denmark; 49% EC-9; 6% U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe

Aid: donor: economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $3,505 million (1970-78)

Budget: (1977/78) revenues $24.2 billion, expenditures $27.9 billion

Monetary conversion rate: 4.5185 kronor=US$1_average exchange rate 1978

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 12,074 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)— 11,703 km standard gage (1.435 m), 7,580 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gage; 159 km rail ferry service; privately-owned railways-511 km standard gage (1.435 m), 332 km electrified; 189 km 0.891-meter gage electrified

Highways: 405,000 km trafficable by car (73,000 km paved) of which 200,000 km is in public roads

Inland waterways: 2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges

Ports: 17 major, and 30 minor

Civil air: 55 major transports

Airfields: 240 total, 234 usable; 131 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international facilities; 5.9 million telephones (71.1 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 112 FM, and 113 TV stations; 6 submarine coaxial cables, 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,964,000; 1,750,000 fit for military service; 57,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1980, $3.53 billion; about 8% of central government budget

41,440 km2; 10% arable, 43% meadows and pastures, 20% waste or urban, 24% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 1,884 km

PEOPLE

Population: 6,304,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate -0.1% (1-78 to 1-79)

Nationality: noun-Swiss (sing. & pl.); adjective-Swiss Ethnic divisions: total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other

Religion: 53% Protestant, 46% Roman Catholic

Language: Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Literacy: 98%

Labor force: 2.6 million, about one-tenth foreign workers, mostly Italian; 16% agriculture and forestry, 47% industry and crafts, 20% trade and transportation, 5% professions, 2% in public service, 10% domestic and other; approximately 0.3% unemployed in July 1978

Organized labor: 20% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Swiss Confederation Type: federal republic

Capital: Bern

Political subdivisions: 22 cantons (3 divided into half cantons); a national referendum in September 1978 approved the establishment of the 23rd canton in the northern Jura region, which will become part of the confederation next year after elections for local government and parliament

Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted 1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to Federal

decrees of general obligatory character; legal education at Universities of Bern, Geneva and Lausanne, and four other university schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday: 1 August

Branches: bicameral parliament has legislative authority; federal council (Bundesrat) has executive authority; justice left chiefly to cantons

Government leaders: Hans Hürlimann, President
Suffrage: universal over age 20

Elections: held every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS), Arthur Schmid, president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Henri Schmitt, president; Christian Conservative People's Party (CVP), Franz Josef Kurmann, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans Conzett, president; Communist Party (PdA), Jean Vincent, leading Secretariat member; National Action Party (N.A.), James Schwarzenbach

Voting strength (1975 election): 22.2% FDP, 20.6% CVP, 25.4% SPS, 10.2% BGB, 2.2% PdA, 2.5% N.A., 3.0% Rep, 6.2% LdU, 2.3% Lidus, 2.0% EvP, 1.3% POSH, 2.2% other Communists: less than 60,000 votes in 1975 election Other parties: Landesring (LdU); Republican Movement (Rep); Liberal Democratic Union (Lidus); Evangelical Party (EvP); Maoist Party (POSH/PSA)

Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ELDO (observer), ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IEA, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N. (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY

GNP: $88.3 billion (1978), $14,030 per capita; 60.2% consumption, 20.2% investment, 12.4% government, 7.1% foreign trade; 1973-78 average annual growth rate 0.3%

Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food shortages-fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat; caloric intake, 3,190 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments

Shortages: practically all important raw materials except hydroelectric energy

Electric power: 12,800,000 kW capacity (1978); 44 billion kWh produced (1978), 6,990 kWh per capita

Exports: $23.4 billion (f.o.b., 1978); principal items-machinery and equipment, chemicals, precision instruments, metal products, textiles, foodstuffs

Imports: $23.7 billion (c.i.f., 1978); principal itemsmachinery and transportation equipment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals, textile fibers and yarns

Major trade partners: 58% EC (24% West Germany, 11% France, 8% Italy, 7% U.K.) ; 7% EFTA (4% Austria); 7% U.S.; 4% Communist countries (1978)