CAMEROON/CANADA Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2.7 billion (mid 1977), per capita about $410; real growth rate, 3.2% (1970-77) Agriculture: commercial and food crops-cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1978); 1,276 million kWh produced (1978), 160 kWh per capita Exports: $803 million (f.o.b., 1978); cocoa and coffee about 60%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $1,055 million (f.o.b., 1978); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U.S. Budget: (FY78 budget est.) public revenue $607 million, current expenditures $479 million, development expenditures $128 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,173 km total; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 28,940 km total; including 2,127 km bituminous, 26,813 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 59 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open wire and radio relay; 26,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Population: 23,858,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other Labor force: 11.67 million (July 1979); 41% service, 20% manufacturing, 17% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 5% agriculture, 7% construction, 2% other; 8.4% unemployment (1978 average); 7.2% unemployment (August 1979) Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa CANADA Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Dominion Day, 1 July Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by GovernorGeneral, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leaders: caretaker Prime Minister Charles Joseph ("Joe") Clark; Governor General Edward Schreyer Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years but in practice usually held within 4 years, last election May 1979; Prime Minister Clark's government fell in a no confidence vote 13 December 1979; new elections scheduled for 18 February 1980 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent; Social Credit, Fabien Roy Voting strength (1979 election (numbers in parens indicate current party strengths in Parliament)): Progressive Conservative 35.8% (136 seats); Liberal 40.3% (113 seats); New Democratic Party 17.8% (26 seats), Social Credit 5% (5 seats), 2 vacant seats, total seats in Parliament 282 Communists: 2,000 approx. Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commomwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWCInternational Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $179.2 billion (1978 in 1978 prices), $7,580 per capita (1978); 59% consumption, 24% government, 19% investment, -2% net exports; real growth rate 4.7% (1970-78) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages-fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 892,000 million metric tons; exports 784.7 million metric tons (1978) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instru ments Crude steel: 14.9 million metric tons produced (1978) Electric power: 74,568,000 kW capacity (1978); 350,000 million kWh produced (1978), 14,810 kWh per capita Exports: $45,514 million (f.o.b., 1978); principal itemstransportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $43,412 million (c.i.f., 1978, source: I.F.S.); principal items-transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 70.0% U.S., 9.3% EC, 5.2% Japan (1978) Aid: economic-(received U.S., $380.9 million Ex-Im Bank); Canada commitments to LDCs (1970-76), bilateral ODA and OOF commitments, $6.5 billion Budget: total revenues $37,275 million; current expenditures $42,176 million; gross capital formation $6,496 million; budget deficit $9,956 million (CY 1978) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.84-1.04 in value, 1C$=US$0.8770 (official rate, 1978 average) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 68,978 km total; 67,616 km standard gage (1.435 m) (43 km electrified); 1,183 km 1.067-meter gage (in Newfoundland); 179 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 829,325 km total; 640,850 km surfaced (189,800 km paved), 188,475 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 535 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,837 total, 1,485 usable; 325 with permanentsurface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 291 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 14.5 million telephones (61.0 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 2 satellite stations with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna and 70 domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,261,000; 5,379,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (17) annually 237,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1980, $4.2 billion; about 9% of proposed central government budget LAND CAPE VERDE/CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CAPE VERDE CAPE VERDE MAURITANIA SENEGAL THE GAMBIA 4,040 km2, divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (fishing 200 nm, economic 200 nm) Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE Population: 332,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Capeverdean(s); adjective-Capever dian Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; 70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local superstitions Language: Portuguese and crioula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde National holiday: 12 September Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in July 1975 Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abilio Duarte Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties and leaders: only legal party, Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristides Pereira, Secretary-General Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $57 million (1978 est.); $180 per capita income; 0.0% growth rate Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch, 4,400 metric tons (1976 est.); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977); 20 kWh per capita Exports: $1.41 million (f.o.b., 1976); fish, bananas, salt, flour Imports: $26.8 million (c.i.f., 1976); petroleum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, U.K., Japan, African neighbors Budget: $29.7 million public revenue, $29.8 million current expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 53.6 escudos-US$1 (1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 1,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 FM and 5 AM stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 79,000; 44,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year including 31 December 1978, $3 million; about 5% of central government budget CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 2,446,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adjective-Central African CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (See reference map VI) Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandjia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 24% animist, 8% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, lingua franca and national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: about half the population economically active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Republic Type: democratic republic with a single party Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French law; in September 1979 the present Chief of State, with French military support, overthrew Emperor Bokassa and proclaimed a provisional constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 4 December Branches: President David Dacko is Chief of State; government is headed by a Prime Minister assisted by the Council of Ministers; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts; constitution calls for a National Assembly Government leader: President David Dacko Elections: tentatively planned but date unspecified Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, present status uncertain Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $535.5 million (1978 est.), $280 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 44,000 kW capacity (1977); 106 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $104.3 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $101.6 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); textiles, petroleum products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: France, Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: 1978 budget receipts $77.1 million, expenditures $113 million Monetary conversion rate: 225.6 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 21,950 km total; 290 km bituminous, 7,500 km gravel and/or crushed stone, 14,160 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams Ports: Bangui (river port) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 56 total, 47 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations and radio-relay links; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 437,000; 227,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R., FRG, South Korea, and PRC Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979; $13.5 million (current budget only); about 13.4% of central government current budget CHAD Population: 4,574,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective-Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups--Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; New National Union Transition Government formed 6 November 1979 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitution suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 13 April Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers Government leaders: President Oueddei Goukouni; Vice President Lt. Col. Wadal Kamougue; Minister of Defense Hissein Habré Suffrage: universal Elections: national elections are expected to take place in 18 months Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: the development of a stable government will probably be hampered by prolonged tribal and regional antagonisms of the dissident factions now ruling Chad Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $924.6 million (1978), $220 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate 16% Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, dates; imports food Fishing: catch 70,000 metric tons (1978 est.) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $90.5 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cotton 80%, livestock and animal products Imports: $179.6 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1978 est.) public revenue $67.4 million, current revenue $89.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 225.6 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km total; 242 km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,090 km of yearround navigability, increased to 4,830 km during high-water period Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 55 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m |