Population: 1,525,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current)

Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjectiveCongolese or Congo

Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French

Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim

Language: French official, many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used

Literacy: about 20%

Labor force: about 40% of population economically active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed

Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) GOVERNMENT

Legal name: People's Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968

Capital: Brazzaville

Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1973

National holiday: National Day, 15 August

Branches: President, Military Committee, Council of State; judiciary; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Politburo

Government leaders: President, Col. Denis SassonNguesso replaced Joachim Yhombi-Opango as President in March 1979, following an intraparty squabble; Prime Minister Col. Louis Sylvain-Goma is Head of Government Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: local elections set for July 1979

Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party

Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers

Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC)

Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

ECONOMY

GDP: about $718 million (1978 est.), $490 per capita; real growth rate 2.5% per year (1970-77)

Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops-root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish

Fishing: catch 19,447 metric tons (1978 est.) Major industries: crude oil, sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap

Electric power: 63,200 kW capacity (1977); 130 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita

Exports: $294.8 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); oil (58%), lumber, tobacco, veneer, and plywood

Imports: $299.2 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products, sugar

Major trade partners: France and other EC countries Budget: 1978 est.-revenue $265.9 million public revenue, current expenditures $310.7 million, development expenditures $22.2 million

Monetary conversion rate: 225.6 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1978)

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 800 km, 1,067-meter gage, single track Highways: 8,246 km total; 555 km bituminous surface treated; 848 km gravel, laterite, 1,623 km improved earth, and 5,220 km unimproved roads

Inland waterways: 6,485 km navigable
Pipelines: crude oil 25 km

Ports: 1 major (Pointe-Noire)

Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 68 total, 49 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station

Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; network is comprised of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations, coaxial cables and wire lines; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 13,000 telephones (0.9 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 330,000; 166,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (20) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $37,517,400; about 17% of central government budget

Type: self-governing in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook Islands government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government

Capital: Rarotonga

Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; Representative appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only

Government leader: Premier Dr. Tom Davis
Suffrage: universal adult

Elections: every 4 years, latest in March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1978): Democratic Party, 16 seats, Cook Islands Party, 6 seats

ECONOMY

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) Coastline: 1,290 km

PEOPLE

Population: 2,193,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current)

Nationality: noun-Costa Rican(s); adjective-Costa

Rican

Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro

Religion: 95% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish

Literacy: about 90%

Labor force: 793,000 (1978 est.); 32.6% agriculture; 13.8% manufacturing; 15.3% commerce; 6.1% construction; 5.2% transportation, utilities; 20.3% service (government, education, social); 0.5% other; 4.4% unemployment (1978 est.) Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: unitary republic

Capital: San José

Political subdivisions: 7 provinces

Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature

Government leader: President Rodrigo CARAZO Odio Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1982

Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), Daniel Oduber, Luis Alberto Monge, Carlos Manuel Castillo; Democratic Renovation Party (PRD), Rodrigo Carazo; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist), Manuel Mora Valverde; Republican Calderonista Party (PRC), Rafael Angel Calderón Fournier; Popular Union Party (PUP), San Joaquin Trejos Fernandez; Unity Coalition composed of the PRD, the PDC, the PUP, and the PRC Voting strength (1978 election): Unity Coalition 43.4%, 27 seats; PLN 38.8%, 25 seats; Leftist Coalition Party (PUP) 7.6%, 3 seats; others, 2 seats

Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confederation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE)

Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWCInternational Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $3.5 billion (1978, in current prices), $1,650 per capita; 72.5% private consumption, 14.8% public consumption, 25.4% gross domestic investment, -12.7% net foreign balance (1978); 5.9% real growth rate (1978)

Agriculture: main products-bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,535 calories per day per capita (1974); protein intake 58 grams per day per capita

Fishing: catch 13,040 metric tons (1977); exports, $5.1 million (1976), imports, $0.3 million (1976)

Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer

Electric power: 410,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 800 kWh per capita

Exports: $858 million (f.o.b., 1978); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao

Imports: $1,185 million (c.i.f., 1978); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer

Major trade partners: exports-38% U.S., 31% CACM, 13% West Germany; imports-32% U.S., 17% CACM, 5% West Germany, 14% Japan (1978)

Aid: (1970-76) economic bilateral commitments: U.S. $72 million, other Western countries $78 million, Communist $17 million; military commitments negligible

Budget: (1978) $492 million current revenues, $708 million total expenditures including debt amortization Monetary conversion rate: 8.57 colones=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 563 km 1.067-meter gage, all single track, 115 km electrified

Highways: 26,050 km total; 2,000 km paved, 15,900 km gravel 8,150 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: about 730 km perennially navigable Pipelines: refined products, 318 km

Ports: 3 major (Limón, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 230 total, 228 usable; 29 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 145,000 telephones (6.7 per 100 popl.); connection into Central American microwave net; 55 AM, 10 FM, and 12 TV stations

PEOPLE

Population: 9,883,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 1.2% (current)

Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective-Cuban

Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese

Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power

Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96%

Labor force: 2.7 million in 1976; 33% agriculture, 17% industry, 9% construction, 7% transportation, 32% services, 2% unemployed

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Cuba
Type: Communist state
Capital: Havana

Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 municipalities

Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 January

Branches: executive; legislature (National People's Assembly); controlled judiciary

Government leader: President Fidel CASTRO Ruz Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1976

Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz

Communists: approx. 200,000 party members

Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (nonparticipant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $11.8 billion (1977 est., in 1977 prices), $1,220 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 3.5%

Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits, coffee

Fishing: catch 220,000 metric tons (1978); exports $82 million (1977)

Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals

Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods

Crude steel: 330,500 metric tons produced (1977); 30 kg

per capita

Electric power: 2,400,000 kW capacity (1978); 7.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 770 kWh per capita

Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1978); sugar, nickel, shellfish tobacco

Imports: $4.2 billion (c.i.f., 1978); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum

Major trade partners: exports-65% U.S.S.R., 15% other Communist countries; imports-49% U.S.S.R., 14% other Communist countries, 6% Spain (1976)

Aid: $41.5 million from U.S. (FY46-61); loans $37.5 million, grants $4.0 million; economic aid (CY60-78) from U.S.S.R.: $5.1 billion in economic credit and $7.9 billion in subsidies; military assistance from the U.S.S.R. (1959-78), $1.6 billion

WATER

(See reference map V

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm PEOPLE

Population: 619,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 0.3% (8-77 to 8-78)

Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective-Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other

Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other

Language: Greek, Turkish, English

Literacy: about 89% of population 15 years or older, 99% of population aged 15-39

Greek Sector labor force: 202,700 (1977), 27.5% services; 25.8% industry; 23.0% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 5% public administration; 15.2% employed overseas military; 3% unemployed

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Cyprus

or in

Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities

Capital: Nicosia

Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts

Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October