PEOPLE DOMINICA/DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Population: 78,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 0.7% (1-75 to 1-77) Nationality: Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in agriculture; 24% unemployment Organized labor: 25% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Dominica Type: independent state within Commonwealth as of 3 November 1978, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Prime Minister Oliver Seraphin (interim Prime Minister until elections held) Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats-DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, OAS, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $32 million (1977 est.), $410 per capita; real growth rate, 1977, 2.0% est. Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $10 million (f.o.b., 1976); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $18 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: 47% U.K., 15% Commonwealth Caribbean countries, 7% U.S., 6% Canada (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral including Ex-Im (1970-76), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $8 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $8 million; expenditures, $11 million (1977/78 est.) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ECUADOR GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Republic Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution National holiday: Independence Day, 27 February Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (91 seats) elected for 4-year terms; Supreme Court Government leader: President Antonio (Silvestre) GUZMÁN Fernández Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: last national election May 1978; next election May 1982 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Jorge Blanco; Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Social Christian Revolutionary Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Antireelection Movement of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Luis Julian Perez; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Homero Lajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several factions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, legalized in 1978; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1978 election): 51.7% PRD, 40.9% PR, 7.4% thirteen minor parties Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inadequacies Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $4.8 billion (1978), $960 per capita; real growth rate 1978, 3.8% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rice, corn Major industries: tourism, sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 847,000 kW capacity (1978); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 460 kWh per capita Exports: $676 million (f.o.b., 1978); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $859 million (f.o.b., 1978); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports-81% U.S. (1977); imports-50% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-77), from U.S., $267 million; (1970-77) other Western countries, $80 million; military-from U.S., $12 million Budget: revenues, $600 million; expenditures, $635 million (1978 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,600 km total; 104 km government-owned common-carrier 1.065-meter gage; 1,496 km privately owned plantation lines of 4 different gages ranging from 0.60 m to 1.43 m, 0.760-meter gage predominating Highways: 11,400 km total; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macorís), 17 minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 51 total, 45 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 139,000 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station ECUADOR Population: 7,901,000, excluding nomadic Indian tribes, (January 1980), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjective-Ecuador ean Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo, 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Labor force: 2 million, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Type: republic Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; progressive new constitution passed in January, 1978 referendum came into effect following the installation of a new civilian government in August 1979; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; Chamber of Representatives; independent judiciary Government leader: President Jaime ROLDOS Aguilera Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: presidential and parliamentary elections held April 1979 Political parties and leaders: Concentration of Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram, populist; Radical Liberal Party, Ignacio Hidalgo, center right; Conservative Party, Rafael Armijos, center right; Democratic Left, Gonzalo Cordova, center left Voting strength: results of April 1979 presidential election-Jaime Roldós, concentration of Popular Forces 62%; Sixto Duran-Ballen, center-right coalition 28% Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, proMoscow, Pedro Saad-secretary-general), 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolutionary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $7.2 billion (1978), $950 per capita; 70% private consumption, 10% public consumption, 20% gross investment; average annual real growth rate 1975-78, 6.8% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, fruits, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 475,000 metric tons (1977); exports $73 million (1977), imports negligible Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 552,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 280 kWh per capita Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1978); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1978); agricultural and industrial machinery, industrial raw materials, building supplies, chemical products, transportation and communication equipment Major trade partners: exports (1977) -41% U.S., 20% LAFTA, 15% EC; imports (1977) -41% U.S., 22% EC, 18% Japan, 14% LAFTA Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF (1970-76), U.S., $117.5 million; other Western countries, $157.9 million; OPEC, $22 million; Communist countries, $9.4 million; military-(1970-76) U.S., $13.6 million Budget: (1978) revenues, $992 million; expenditures, $1,165 million Monetary conversion rate: 25 sucres=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,121 km total; 966 km 1.067-meter gage, 155 km 0.750-meter gage; all single track Highways: 22,250 km total; 3,300 km paved, 11,300 km otherwise improved, 7,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,500 km Pipelines: crude oil, 623 km; refined products, 1,358 km ECUADOR/EGYPT Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolívar), 11 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 17 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runway over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 222,000 telephones (2.9 per 100 popl.); 250 AM, 38 FM, and 10 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective-Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other Language: Arabic official, English and French widely. understood by educated classes Literacy: around 44% Labor force: 13 million; 45-50% agriculture, 13% industry, 11% trade and finance, 26% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 26 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 23 July Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly dominated by the government's National Democratic Party; independent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar al-Sadat Elections: regular elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent June 1979); presidential elections every 6 years (most recent September 1976) Political parties and leaders: formation of political parties must be approved by government; National Democratic Party, formed in mid-1978 by President Sadat, is the major party; various small opposition parties Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WPC, WSG, WTO; Egypt suspended from Arab League and OAPEC in April 1979 ECONOMY GNP: $11.7 billion (1978), $290 per capita; average annual growth rate of 9% in 1978 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-sufficient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange EGYPT EL SALVADOR Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 5,000,000 kW capacity (1978); 14.7 billion kWh produced (1978), 365 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: official rate-1 Egyptian pound US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound= US$1 (selling rate); parallel market rate-1 Egyptian pound US$1.43, 0.699 Egyptian pound = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,857 km total; 951 km double track; 25 km electrified; 4,510 km standard gage (1.435 m), 347 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 47,025 km total; 12,300 km paved, 2,500 km gravel and crushed stone, 14,200 km improved earth, 18,025 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 160 km long, used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 11.5 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-metric ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966)-242 million metric tons of which 175.6 million metric tons were POL Pipelines: crude oil, 675 km; refined products, 240 km; natural gas, 365 km Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 36 major transport aircraft, including 14 leased in, and 2 leased out Airfields: 106 total, 75 usable; 66 with permanent-surface runways; 47 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system is large but inadequate for needs and poorly maintained; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; 500,000 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 22 AM, no FM, and 29 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; Symphonie satellite station; 2 submarine coaxial cables WATER (See reference map II) Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 307 km PEOPLE Population: 4,714,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjective-Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84% -88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% literacy in urban areas, 30% in rural areas Labor force: 1,500,000 (est. 1977); 57% agriculture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 5% of total labor force; 10% of nonagricultural labor force (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leaders: military/civilian junta composed of Army Colonel Jaime Abdul GUTIERREZ, Army Colonel Adolfo Arnoldo MAJANO, Roman MAYORGA Quiros, Guillermo Manuel UNGO, Mario ANDINO |
