Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5 years; presidential elections 1982, legislative and municipal elections March 1980

Political parties and leaders: National Conciliation Party (PCN), government party until coup of 15 October 1979; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Antonio Morales Ehrlich, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafick Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Democratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria

Voting strength: February 1977 presidential electionPCN 66%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 34%; March 1978 legislative election-PCN, 50 seats; PPS, 4 seats; all other opposition parties boycotted the election

Communists: 220 to 225 active members; sympathizers, 5,000; more than 2,000 members of clandestine radical terrorist groups

Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; United Confederation of Workers (CUT), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independent; Salvadoran Communal Union (UCS): Christian Federation of Salvadoran Peasants (FECCAS); Union of Rural Workers (UTC); Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR); United Popular Action Front (FAPU); 28 February Popular Leagues (LP-28); Catholic Church; Salvadoran National Association of Educators (ANDES); National Association of Private Enterprise (ANEP)

Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $3.1 billion (1978), $690 per capita; 70% private consumption, 13% government consumption, 24% domestic investment; -7% net foreign balance; real growth rate, 4.4% (1978)

Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 1,912 calories per day per capita (1974); protein intake 51 grams per day per capita Fishing: catch 7,486 metric tons (1976)

Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products

Electric power: 557,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 280 kWh per capita

Exports: $855 million (f.o.b., 1978); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $946 million (c.i.f., 1978); machinery, automotive vehicles, petroleum, foodstuffs, fertilizer

Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 22% CACM, 33% EC, 13% other (1977); imports-29% U.S., 22% CACM, 15% EC, 11% Japan, 23% other (1977)

Aid: economic-(FY70-76) from U.S., $60 million; from other Western countries, $36 million; military-from U.S., $10 million

Budget: (1978) $410 million current revenues, $337 million total expenditures including amortization Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 600 km 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked; Highways: 7,250 km total; 1,500 km paved, 1,300 km gravel 4,400 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Unión), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 157 total, 144 usable; 4 with permanentsurfaced runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay system; connection into Central American microwave net; 70,000 telephones (1.5 per 100 popl.); 60 AM, 9 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean Satellite station

(See reference map VI)

third of the total population; average annual growth rate 1.8% (7-68 to 7-69); Rio Muni, 240,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-68 to 7-69); Fernando Po, 105,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-68 to 7-69)

Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjectiveEquatorial Guinean

Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Bioko, primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish

Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of government and business; also pidgin English, Fang

Literacy: 20%

Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea

Type: republic

Capital: Malabo, Province Bioko

Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Bioko and Rio Muni)

Legal system: based on Spanish Civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted August 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: 5 March

Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power

Government leader: Lt. Col. Teodor Obiang Nguema Mbazogo, President, Supreme Military Council (SMC), succeeded former President Masie after 3 August 1979 coup Suffrage: universal age 21 and over

Elections: last parliamentary elections held December

1973

Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, status uncertain since 3 August coup

Communists: no significant number of Communists or sympathizers

Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU

ECONOMY

GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita

Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products-rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Major industries: fishing, sawmilling

Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1977); 17 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita

Exports: $36.5 million (1976); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $12.2 million (1976); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles

Major trade partner: Spain

Budget: (1976) receipts $2.8 million

Monetary conversion rate: 68.85 Ekuele=US$1 (January 1977)

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none

Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth

Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 167 km of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Malabo, Juba), 3 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: poor system with adequate government services; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; other facilities planned; 2,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, 1 TV station

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries

Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore islands)

PEOPLE

Population: 32,184,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current)

Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjective-Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%

Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Muslims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other

Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools Literacy: about 5%

Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government

Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Ethiopia

Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa

Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations)

Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution suspended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Popular Revolution Commemoration Day, 12 September

Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), a group estimated at 40-100 officers and enlisted men which operates on committee system; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffectual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either

Government leader: Lt. Col. Mengistu Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council

Suffrage: universal over age 21

Elections: urban dwellers' association officials elected October-December 1976

Political parties and leaders: no political party exists although efforts to create one have been underway for the past few years

Communists: Ethiopian Communist Party is a small group opposed to military government

Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), and Eritrean Liberation Front/Popular Liberation Forces in Eritrea; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), a radical left underground movement concentrated in Addis Ababa and made up predominantly of students and intellectuals; it has been severely reduced by a government eradication campaign; and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), primarily an exile group; several other dissident groups with ethnic or provincial bases of support

Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $2,891 million (1977 est.), $100 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-73), zero (1974 and in 1975)

Agriculture: main crops-coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery

Electric power: 297,000 kW capacity (1977); 500 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita

Exports: $306.1 million (f.o.b., 1977/78); 75% coffee, 7% hides and skins, 6% pulses, 2% oilseeds

Imports: $455.4 million (c.i.f., 1977/78); 18% petroleum Major trade partners: imports-Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Iran, U.K., France, and U.S.; exports-U.S., Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany

Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 Ethiopian Birr = US$1 Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 1,014 km total; 676 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 1.067-meter gage, 306 km 0.95-meter gage; all single track

Highways: 10,724 km total; 3,323 km bituminous, 7,401 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth

Inland waterways: 41 navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 225 km of unconnected and basically unimproved waterways, of which only 114 km are navigable year round

Ports: 2 major (Aseb, Mits' iwa)

Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 185 total, 174 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,288 km

PEOPLE

Population: 2,000 (official estimate for 31 December

1977)

Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); adjective-Falkland Island

Ethnic divisions: almost totally British

Religion: predominantly Church of England

Language: English

Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14

Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agriculture, mostly sheepherding

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony

Capital: Stanley

Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital

Legal system: English common law

Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council

Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief J.R.W. Parker (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony)

Suffrage: universal

ECONOMY

Government budget: Colony-revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68)

Agriculture: Colony-predominantly sheep farming; dependencies-whaling and sealing

Major industries: Colony-wool processing; dependencies-whale and seal processing

Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 million kWh produced (1977), 1,150 kWh per capita

Exports: Colony-$2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies-no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony-$1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies-$8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery

Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K.

Aid: economic-(1970-77) Western (non-U.S.) countries, $17 million

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland Island pound US$2.60

COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none

Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948

Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commissioner, and provincial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial parliament

Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minister, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth

Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1981 (coincides with Danish elections)

Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus

Voting strength (1975 election): Social Democratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5%

Communists: insignificant number

Member of: Nordic Council

ECONOMY

GDP: $347.8 million (1977), about $8,280 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing

Fishing: catch 310,281 metric tons (1977); exports, $135.7 million (1977)

Major industry: fishing

Electric power: 28,500 kW capacity (1977); 90 million kWh produced (1977), 2,140 kWh per capita

Exports: $143.6 million (f.o.b., 1977); mostly fish and fish products

Imports: $151.7 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products

Major trade partners: 47.9% Denmark, 12.4% U.S., 7.2% U.K., 6.1% Norway (1977)

Budget: (FY78) expenditures $73.3 million, revenues $73.3 million

Monetary conversion rate: 5.26 Danish Kroner=US$1 (first half 1979)

Fiscal year: calendar year beginning 1 January 1979

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none

Highways: none

Ports: 1 minor

Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 1,220 m