Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Telecommunications: good international communications; fair domestic facilities; 15,000 telephones (35 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, and 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Fiji

Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Elizabeth II recognized as chief of state

Capital: Suva located on the south coast of the island of Viti Levu

Political subdivisions: 14 provinces

Legal system: based on British

National holiday: 10 October

Branches: executive-Prime Minister; legislative52-member House of Representatives (Alliance Party 36 seats, National Federation Party 15 seats); 1 independent 22 member appointed Senate; judicial-Supreme court Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese

Mara

Suffrage: universal adult

Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held September 1977

Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by Jai Ram Reddy

Communists: few, no figures available

Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY

GNP: $710 million (1978), $1,160 per capita; 2.4% real growth rate (1977-78)

Agriculture: main crops-sugar, coconut products, bananas, ginger, rice; major deficiency, grains

Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1978); 270 million kWh produced (1978), 420 kWh per capita

Exports: $187 million (f.o.b., 1977, including reexports); 70% sugar, 11% coconut oil, 9% gold

Imports: $279 million (f.o.b., 1977); 20% manufactured goods, 19% food, 16% machinery, fuels, chemicals (1977) Major trade partners: U.K., New Zealand, U.S., Canada, Australia, Japan

Aid: disbursed 1968-Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million

Budget: (FY75) revenues $107 million, expenditures $129 million

Monetary conversion rate: Fijian dollar US$1.2119 (September 1978)

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 644 km narrow gage (0.610 m); owned by Fiji Sugar Corp., Ltd.

Highways: 3,472 km total (1977); 346 km paved, 2,706 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 420 unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric ton barges

Ports: 1 major, 6 minor

Civil air: 1 DC-3 and 1 light aircraft

Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/Australia, et al.; 32,721 telephones (5.6 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station

Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority

Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation

Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities

Literacy: 99%

Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26.4% mining and manufacturing, 8.4% construction, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communications, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 7.3% (163,000) unemployed (1978 average)

Organized labor: 60% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic

Capital: Helsinki

Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 communes, 78

towns

Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December

Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts

Government leader: President Urho Kekkonen; Prime Minister Mavno Koivisto

Suffrage: universal, 18 years and over; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (last in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (President Kekkonen reelected to 6-year term in January 1978)

Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Kalevi Sorsa; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Kalevi Kivisto; Conservative, Illka Suominen; Liberal, Jaakko Itala; Swedish Peoples Party, Par Stenback; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Anssi Keski-Vahala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen; Finnish Christian League, Raino Westerholm; Constitutional Peoples, Georg Ernrooth

Voting strength (1979 election): 23.9% Social Democratic, 21.6% Conservative, 17.8% Peoples Democratic League, 17.4% Center, 4.8% Christian League, 4.6% Finnish Rural Party, 4.6% Swedish Peoples, 3.7% Liberal Peoples, 1.2% Constitutional Peoples, 0.3% Finnish Peoples Unity Party, 0.1% Socialist Workers Party

Communists: 43,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of

sympathizers, as indicated by 517,198 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1979 elections

Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agreement), DAC, EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

ECONOMY

GNP: $31 billion (1978), $6,530 per capita; 51% consumption, 25% investment, 21% government; 3% net exports of goods and services; 1978 growth rate 1.8% (constant prices)

Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, predominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops-cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages-food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining

Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore

Crude steel: 2.3 million metric tons produced (1978), 480 kg per capita

Electric power: 9,400,000 kW capacity (1978); 35.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 7,475 kWh per capita

Exports: $8.5 billion (f.o.b., 1978); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1978); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics

Major trade partners: (1978) 37% EC-nine (11% West Germany, 11% U.K.); 18% U.S.S.R., 14% Sweden; 4% U.S. Aid: donor-(1978) economic aid authorized (ODA), $76 million

Budget: (1979) expenditures $10.88 billion, revenues $9.61 billion

Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 14 minor

Civil air: 37 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 174 total, 172 usable; 40 with permanentsurface runways; 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 26 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 2 million telephones (41.9 per 100 popl.); 15 AM, 40 FM, and 76 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables

551,670 km2; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested Land boundaries: 2,888 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km)

PEOPLE

Population: 53,522,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality:

French

noun-Frenchman (men); adjective

Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque

Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated

Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declining regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish

Literacy: 97%

Labor force: 20.5 million (September 1979); 47% services, 38% industry, 10% agriculture, 6.6% unemployed

Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23% of salaried labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: French Republic

Type: republic, with president having wide powers Capital: Paris

Political subdivisions: 96 metropolitan departments, 21 regional economic districts

Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning election of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law

National holiday: National Day, 14 July

Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assembly (491 members), Senate (295 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly-every 5 years, last election March 1978, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senateindirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years, last election September 1977; President, direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974

Political parties and leaders: Majority Coalition-Rally for the Republic (RPR, formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Republicans (PR), Jacques Blanc; Center for Social Democrats (CDS), Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialist (RS), Didier Bariani; Union for French Democracy (federation of PR, CDS, and RS), Jean Lecanuet; Left Opposition-Socialist Party (PS), Francois Mitterrand; Communist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Michel Crépeau; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel

Voting strength (first ballot, 1978 election): extreme left, 3.3%; Communist, 21.25%; Socialist, 23.03%; left Radicals 2.28%; RPR, 22.19%; UDF, 21.39%; divided right, 1.68%; other 4.87%

Communists: 600,000 claimed; Communist voters, 5 million average

Other political or pressure groups: Communist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail)

nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail— CFDT) about 800,000 members est.; Independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) about 800,000 members est.; Independent white collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 200,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat FrancaisCNPF or Patronat)

Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

ECONOMY

GNP: $469 billion (1978), $8,780 per capita; 62.3% private consumption, 21.8% investment (including government), 15.1% government consumption; 1978 real growth rate, 3.2%; average annual growth rate, 4.7% (1966-77)

Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost producer; main products-beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70)

Fishing: catch 760,323 metric tons (1977); exports (includes shellfish, etc.) $202 million, imports $812 million (1978)

Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft, motor vehicles

Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils

Crude steel: 22.8 million metric tons produced (1978), 430 kg per capita

Electric power: 56,600,000 kW capacity (1978); 227 billion kWh produced (1978), 4,240 kWh per capita

Exports: $79.5 billion (f.o.b., 1978); principal itemsmachinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals

Imports: $82.0 billion (c.i.f., 1978); principal itemscrude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, foodstuffs, agricultural products.

Major trade partners: 20% West Germany; 11% Italy; 9% Belgium-Luxembourg; 7% U.S.; 7% Franc Zone; 7% U.K.; 6% Netherlands; 2% Eastern Europe; 2% U.S.S.R. (1978) Aid: donor-(1970-78) economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $21,153 million

Budget: (1978) expenditures 410 billion francs, revenues 375 billion francs, deficit 35 billion francs

Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc = US$0.2216 (1978 average)

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 36,571 km total; French National Railways (SNCF) operates 34,597 km standard gage (1.435 m); 9,856 km electrified, 15,630 km double or multiple track; 1,974 km of various gages (1,000 m to 1,440 m), privately owned and operated

Highways: 1,568,273 km total; 29,990 km national highway; 381,000 km departmental highway; 425,000 km community roads; 728,000 km rural raods; 4,283 km of controlled access divided "AUTOROUTES"; approx. 840,000 km have bituminous-treated surface or better

Inland waterways: 14,912 km; 6,969 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil, 2,253 km; refined products, 4,344 km; natural gas, 22,047 km

Ports: 23 major, 165 minor

Civil air: 313 major transport aircraft, including 5 leased in and 16 leased out

Airfields: 462 total, 444 usable; 227 with permanentsurface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 120 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broadcast services; 17.5 million telephones (32.8 per 100 popl.); 55 AM, 96 FM, and 1,500 TV stations; 23 submarine coaxial cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with 4 Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Indian Ocean antennas

(See reference map III)

Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjective-French Guiana

Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese

Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: French

Literacy: 73%

Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construction 21%, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable

Organized labor: 7% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Department of French Guiana

Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate; Deputy Hector Rivierez reelected to National Assembly 12 March 1978 Capital: Cayenne

Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council

Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeals based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana

Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legislative: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system

Government leader: Prefect Hervé Bourseiller
Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: General Council elections normally are held every 5 years; last election March 1978

Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaise (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have