been absorbed by the PSG; Rassemblement Pour La Republique (RPR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly

Communists: Communist party membership negligible ECONOMY

GNP: $100 million (at market prices, 1975), $800 per capita

Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane

Fishing: catch 1,142 metric tons (1977)

Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center

Electric power: 29,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 1,000 kWh per capita

Exports: $7.2 million (1977); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence

Imports: $143.4 million (1977); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, and petroleum

Major trade partners: exports-78% U.S., 11% France, 5% Martinique; imports-49% France, 10% U.S., 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1969)

Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-77), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $454 million, no military aid

Monetary conversion rate: 4.92 French francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 32 km private plantation line, 0.600-meter

gage

Highways: 600 km total; 450 km paved, 150 km improved and unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft

Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m

Telecommunications: limited open-wire and radio-relay system with about 10,600 telephones (17.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

WATER

(See reference map VIII)

Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: about 2,525 km

PEOPLE

Population: 146,000 (January 1980), annual growth rate 2.3% (current)

Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjective— French Polynesian

Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French

Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia

Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories

Capital: Papeete

Political subdivisions: 5 districts

Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 33-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, elected by Assembly; popular election of two deputies to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator

Government leader: High Commissioner, Paul Cousseran, Governor, appointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult

Elections: every 5 years, May 1977

Political parties and leaders: Le Front Uni, autonomist coalition, Francis Sanford; Tahoeraa Hairaatira, conservative Gaullist, Gaston Flosse

Voting strength (1977 election): Le Front Uni, 14 seats; Tahoerra Huiraatira, 10 seats; Independents, 9 seats

ECONOMY

GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,960 per capita
Agriculture: coconut main crop

Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism

Electric power: 36,000 kW capacity (1978); 105 million kWh produced (1978), 740 kWh per capita

Exports: $19 million (1973); principal products-coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971)

Imports: $211 million (1973)

Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% U.S.; exports-86% France

Aid: France $16 million (1973)

Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=1NZ$ (1971)

PEOPLE

Population: 585,000 (January 1980), this estimate does not take into account immigration to Gabon during last several years; average annual growth rate 1.7% (7-66 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gabonese (sing., pl.); adjectiveGabonese

Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 100,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 20,000 French

Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist

Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: government claims more than 80% of school age children in school, but literacy rate is substantially below this figure

Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 129,000 are wage earners in the modern sector

Organized labor: no data available

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Gabonese Republic

Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville

Political subdivisions: 9 provinces subdivided into 36 prefectures

Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted National holiday: 12 March, 17 August

Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70-member National Assembly has limited powers; constitution to be amended in 1979 so that Assembly Deputies will serve 5year terms; independent judiciary

Government leader: President El Hadj Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21

Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973; next presidential elections in 1980; recent constitutional change separates dates for presidential and parliamentary elections.

Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party

Communists: no organized party; probably some Communist sympathizers

Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, BDECA (Central African Development Bank), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAB (African Wood Organization), OAU, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

ECONOMY

GDP: $3.0 billion (1978 est.), $5,250 per capita; 10% growth (1970-77)

Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food

Fishing: catch 10,000 metric tons (excluding shellfish) (1978)

Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petroleum refinery; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uranium, iron (not produced)

Electric power: 125,400 kW capacity (1977); 376 million kWh produced (1977), 670 kWh per capita

Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1978); crude petroleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold), coffee

Imports: $653.8 million (c.i.f. est., 1978); excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equipment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles

Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone

Budget: public revenue $1.1 billion, current expenditures $552.7 million, development expenditures $383.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977)

Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 970 km standard gage (1.437 m) under construction; 180 km are completed

Highways: 6,929 km total; 459 km paved, 6,470 km gravel and improved and unimproved earth

Inland waterways: approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable

Pipelines: crude oil, 270 km

Ports: 2 major (Libreville/Owendo, Port-Gentil), 2 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 160 total, 101 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; telephone expansion in progress; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 8 AM, 2 FM, and 8 TV stations; 9,000 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.)

Land boundaries: 740 km

WATER

(See reference map VI)

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 80 km

PEOPLE

Population: 593,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current)

Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective-Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Mandinka 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Mandinka and Wolof most widely used vernaculars

Literacy: about 10%

Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsistence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services).

Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Republic of The Gambia
Type: republic; independent since February 1965
Capital: Banjul

Political subdivisions: Banjul and 5 divisions

Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 18 February

Branches: cabinet of 10 members; 44-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 35 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary

Government leader: Sir Alhaji Dawda Kairaba Jawara, President

Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, United Party (UP), John Forster, and National Convention Party, Sherrif Dibba

Suffrage: universal adult

Elections: general elections held April 1977; PPP 31 seats, NCP 4 seats

Communists: insignificant number

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

ECONOMY

GNP: $123 million (1977), about $220 per capita Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, rice, palm kernels Fishing: catch 10,795 metric tons (1975); exports $956,000 (1974)

Major industry: peanut processing

Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 30 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita

Exports: $58 million (f.o.b., 1978); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm kernels

Imports: $69 million (f.o.b., 1978); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products

Major trade partners: exports-U.K. and France; imports-U.K. and Japan

Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-77), $45.0 million; Communist countries (1974-78), $17 million; OPEC (ODA) (1973-77), $33.7 million; U.S. (1970-77), $9.5 million

Budget: (FY78 est.) current expenditures $26 million, receipts $31 million; development expenditures $14 million, development receipts $35.9 million

Monetary conversion rate: 1 Dalasi US$0.48 (1978) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none

Highways: 2,390 km total; 317 km paved, 755 km gravel/laterite, and 1,318 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 605 km

Ports: 1 major (Banjul)

Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m

Telecommunications: adequate network of radio relay and wire; 3,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 135,000; 67,000 fit for military service

LAND

(See reference map IV)

108,262 km2; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other

Land boundaries: 2,309 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 901 km (including islands)

PEOPLE

Population: 16,756,000, including East Berlin (January 1980), average annual growth rate -0.0% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, 0.3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate

Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Literacy: 99%

Labor force: 8.6 million; 38.5% industry; 3.2% handicrafts; 7.5% construction; 8.6% agriculture; 7.7% transport and communications; 10.4% commerce; 21.1% services; 3.0% other

Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force
GOVERNMENT

Legal name: German Democratic Republic
Type: Communist state

Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin)

Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,600 communities (Gemeinden)

Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of

legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 and 1979

National holiday: Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October

Branches: legislative-Volkskammer (elected directly); executive-Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary-Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party

Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, Erich Honecker (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Willi Stoph (Premier)

Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over

Elections: national every 5 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 17 October 1976; local elections held 20 May 1979 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front

Voting strength: 1976 parliamentary elections: 99.86% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate

Communists: 2.1 million party members

Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated)

Member of: CEMA, ICES, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WTO

ECONOMY

GNP: $81.0 billion (1978, 1978 dollars), $4,834 per capita; 1978 growth rate 3.3%

Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (71)

Fish catch: 210,000 metric tons (1977) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding

Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals

Crude steel: 6.98 million metric tons produced (1978), approx. 420 kg per capita

Electric power: 18,860,000 kW capacity (1978); 96.2 billion kWh produced (1978), 5,730 kWh per capita

Exports: $14.2 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1978) Imports: $16.1 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1978) Major trade partners: $30,950 million (1978); 69% Communist countries, 31% non-Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.48 DME US$1 for trade data (1976 rate)

Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 14,215 km total; 13,906 km standard gage (1.435 m), 309 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gage, 2,971 km double track standard gage (1.435 m); 1,511 km overhead electrified (1977)

Highways: 127,530 km total; 47,530 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,679 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 80,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1976)

Inland waterways: 2,538 km (1979)

Freight carried: rail-298.6 million metric tons, 52.1 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-714.1 million metric tons, 20.0 billion metric ton/km (1977); waterway14.4 million metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1978); approximately 1,410 waterway craft with 570,000 metric ton capacity (1978)

Pipelines: crude oil, 1,200 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas 650 km

Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland waterway ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, Magdeburg, and Eisenhuttenstadt (1979)

DEFENSE FORCES

Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, 12.1 billion marks; 8.8% of total budget

GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF

LAND

248,640 km2 (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water

Land boundaries: 4,232 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.)

PEOPLE

Population: 61,193,000, including West Berlin (January 1980), average annual growth rate -0.2% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Religion: 48.9% Protestant, 44.7% Roman Catholic, 7.7% other (as of 1975)