ECONOMY

Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant

Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10-15%

Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967)

Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967)

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: People's Republic of Angola

Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; government formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda

Political subdivisions: 17 provinces including the coastal exclave of Cabinda

Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model

National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution

Government leader: José Eduardo dos Santos, President Suffrage: to be determined

Elections: none held to date

Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos Santos, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies

Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNICEF, WHO

ECONOMY

GDP: $2.66 billion (1978 est.), $440 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72); real GDP growth has declined by at least 15% since independence; 5% drop in 1978

Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food

Fishing: catch 113,408 metric tons (1977)

Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction

Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 210 kWh per capita

Exports: est. $800 million (f.o.b., 1977); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply 1975-77

Imports: est. $720 million (f.o.b., 1977); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77

Major trade partners: Cuba, U.S.S.R., Portugal, and U.S. Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government

Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos US$1 as of November 1977

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage

Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable

Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Moçâmedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km

Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in Airfields: 457 total, 452 usable; 27 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 96 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: fair system of wire and radio-relay; troposcatter/radio relay system under construction; HF used extensively for military/Cuban links; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 32,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station

(See reference map II)

Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects, and some Roman Catholic Language: English

Literacy: about 80%

Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: State of Antigua

Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State"

Capital: St. Johns

Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Barbuda, Redonda)

Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 justices

Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet

Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February

1976

Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry

Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1

Communists: negligible

Other political or pressure groups: Afro-Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO

ECONOMY

GDP: $52 million (1977 est.), $720 per capita; 2.0% real

growth

Agriculture: main crop, cotton

Major industries: oil refining, tourism

Shortages: electric power

Electric power: 31,200 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 780 kWh per capita

Exports: $22 million (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum products,

cotton

Imports: $54 million (c.i.f., 1975); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975)

Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-77) from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $15 million; no military aid

Budget: (current) revenues, $12 million; current expenditures, $15 million (1977/78)

Monetary conversion rate: EC (East Caribbean) $2.70=US$1 (1979)

Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane

Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor

Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 2,745 m Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 4,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 3 AM stations, 2 FM stations, and 2 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable

LAND

ARGENTINA

2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste

Land boundaries: 9,414 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km

PEOPLE

Population: 27,002,000 (January 1980), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current)

Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups

Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other

Language: Spanish

(See reference map III)

Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires)

Labor force: 10.8 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 2.2% estimated unemployment (1978 est.)

Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.)

GOVERNMENT

Legal name: Argentine Republic

Type: republic; under military rule since 1976
Capital: Buenos Aires

Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory

Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May
Branches: presidency; national judiciary

Government leader: President, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Jorge Rafael Videla, chosen by the three-man Junta that took power on 24 March 1976

Government structure: The President and the Junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retain supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but three cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a five-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking

Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed

Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists

Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church

Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG

ECONOMY

GNP: $45 billion (1978), $1,700 per capita; 73% consumption, 21% investment, 6% net foreign demand (1978); real GDP growth rate 1978, -4.1%

Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs

Fishing: catch 392,789 metric tons (1977); exports $42 million (1976 est.)

Major industries: food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy

Crude steel: 2.8 million metric tons produced (1978), 110 kg per capita

Electric power: 9.16 million kW capacity (1977); 29 billion kWh produced (1978), 1,090 kWh per capita Exports: $6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1978); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds

Imports: $4.0 billion (c.i.f., 1978); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products

Major trade partners (1978): exports-10% Netherlands, 9% Brazil, 8% Italy, 8% U.S., 6% FRG, U.S.S.R., and Japan; imports-18% U.S., 12% FRG, 9% Brazil, 8% Italy, 7% Japan

Aid: (FY70-76) economic-from U.S. $248 million; from other Western countries $797 million; from Communist countries $458 million; military-from U.S. $137 million Budget: (1978) 920,500 billion pesos=$17 billion at exchange rate of 1 May 1978

Monetary conversion rate: 1,500 pesos US$1 (October 1979)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary

Government leaders: Governor General Sir Zelman Cowen; Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser

Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1977 Political parties and leaders: Government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (William J. Hayden)

Voting strength (1977 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 86 seats; Labour Party, 38 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 26 seats; Democrats, 2 seats; Independents, 1 seat

Communists: 5,000 members (est.)

Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group)

Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

ECONOMY

GNP: $109.9 billion (1978), $7,720 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (1975); 1% real average annual growth (1975-78)

Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products— wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita

Fishing: catch 127,839 metric tons (1977); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75)

Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals

Crude steel: 7.8 million metric tons produced (FY76), 570 kg per capita

Electric power: 23,505,000 kW capacity (1978); 87.9 billion kWh produced (1978), 6,180 kWh per capita

Exports: $14.1 billion (f.o.b., 1978); principal products (1977)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 13% wool, 12% coal

Imports: $14.3 billion (c.i.f., 1978); principal products (1977) -41% manufactured raw materials, 28% capital equipment, 25% consumer goods

Major trade partners: (1978) exports-34% Japan, 12% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 4% U.K.; imports-19% U.S., 11% U.K., 21% Japan

Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $3.6 billion (FY65-79); $455 million (FY79), 51% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$28.8 billion; receipts A$26.1 billion (FY79)

Monetary conversion rate: 0.87 Australian dollar = US$1 (A$1=US$1.15), December 1978

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 40,851 km total (1979); 9,187 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 17,625 km 1.067-meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track)

Highways: 837,872 krn total (1979); 207,650 km paved, 205,454 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 424,768 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallowdraft craft

Ports: 12 major, numerous minor

Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km

Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 1,614 total, 1,554 usable; 202 with permanentsurface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 614 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: very good international and domestic service; 5.8 (41.5 per 100 popl.) million telephones; 223 AM stations, 5 FM stations, 111 TV stations; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam