Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry

absorbance absorption acid appears applied atoms axis binding birefringence boundary buffer calculated cell charge Chem chromophores complex concentration constant containing contrast corrected corresponding curve decrease dependence determined dielectric difference diffusion dipole direction discussed distribution effect electric electric field electron electrophoresis emission energy equation equilibrium example excitation experimental experiments factor fluorescence fraction frequency function given groups Herskovits important increase indicates intensity interactions ionic ions length light limited macromolecules measured method mobility molecular molecules observed obtained occurs optical orientation particles patterns peaks perturbation phase phenolic polarization position possible preparation present produced protein quantum range ratio reaction reference relative relaxation respectively rotation sample separation serum albumin shift shown single solution solvent specimen spectra spectrum strength structure studies technique temperature theory tion transfer transition tryptophan unit usually volume wavelength yield zone