The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary SocietiesMichael Gibbons In this provocative and broad-ranging work, the authors argue that the ways in which knowledge - scientific, social and cultural - is produced are undergoing fundamental changes at the end of the twentieth century. They claim that these changes mark a distinct shift into a new mode of knowledge production which is replacing or reforming established institutions, disciplines, practices and policies. Identifying features of the new mode of knowledge production - reflexivity, transdisciplinarity, heterogeneity - the authors show how these features connect with the changing role of knowledge in social relations. While the knowledge produced by research and development in science and technology is accorded central concern, the |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Evolution of Knowledge Production | 17 |
The Marketability and Commercialisation of Knowledge | 49 |
Massification of Research and Education | 70 |
The Case of the Humanities | 90 |
Competitiveness Collaboration and Globalisation | 111 |
Reconfiguring Institutions | 137 |
Towards Managing Socially Distributed Knowledge | 155 |
Glossary | 167 |
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Common terms and phrases
academic activities alliances Annales school basic become behaviour boundaries centres characteristics cognitive collaboration comparative advantage competence complex context of application contextualisation continue countries created creativity criteria cultural production demand design configuration diffusion disciplinary disciplines distributed knowledge production diverse duction economic economies of scale edge production elite emergence environment Erich Jantsch established example function funding global globalisation growth heterogeneous higher education Human Genome Project humanities hypersonic increasing increasingly information technology institutions intellectual interaction involved knowl knowledge industries laboratories less massification ments Mode 2 knowledge nature organisation paradigm particular patterns Postmodernism problems production of knowledge programmes quality control range reflexivity role science and technology scientific and technological scientists sector shift skills social accountability social sciences socially distributed society specialised knowledge specific strategic structures Tacit knowledge tion traditional transdisciplinary transformation trends universities