that those who prospered were active, intelligent, and MORAL; and that those who failed were deficient in these qualities, or in one or other of them.

There is, therefore, in my view, no system, theory, or combination of circumstances, that will confer on the operative classes-while they continue illeducated, unskilled in the business habits which fit men for intelligent co-operation, and deficient in systematic honesty-the advantages which the middle classes derive from a higher moral and intellectual cultivation. Again, I repeat, the remedy appears to me to lie in a higher education of the people. Place them on a level, in point of moral and intellectual attainments, with the higher orders, and the discrepancies in the fortunes of the two will be greatly lessened, or altogether disappear.

2nd. While this change is in progress, the only remedy for an intelligent and moral member of the lower class is to endeavor to enter into the middle order. There is no unwillingness in the latter to receive and assist the former to rise, wherever they see the necessary qualifications possessed. Among my friends and acquaintances there are at least half a dozen of men who have risen from abject poverty to wealth before my own eyes, by the sheer force of their talents and industry.

What some operatives desire is to enjoy the advantages of high qualities without taking the trouble to acquire them; but this is as much adverse to nature as it would be to expect to reap a rich harvest without sowing in spring. Another error, into which they are apt to fall, is to imagine that if the entire profits of their labor were divided among them—say among the operatives of a Lowell mill-each of them would receive as much as falls to the lot of the single capitalist to whom it belongs. This is obviously a mistake. It is probable that they would not receive above a hundred dollars each of extra gain, supposing the capital all their own; and this would not essentially change their condition. You ask whether I anticipate the realization of a higher state of society than that which now exists? I do! because the present condition of things does not satisfy man's highest faculties. You may wish me to describe it, and to point out how it may be attained. Here, however, I become painfully conscious of the imperfection of my own knowledge. All that I discern is-1st: The tendency of capital constantly to increase; this will diminish the difficulty of obtaining the use of it, and also diminish its value. 2dly: The tendency of skilled labor, using machinery, to supersede unskilled labor; this is a penalty imposed by Providence on ignorance, and a premium offered to skill and intelligence. The only thing farther necessary to bring the operatives within the beneficial operation of these two tendencies is, that they shall abandon their ignorance and increase their moral and intellectual cultivation. By bringing the condition of their own minds into accordance with the scheme of Providence, they will certainly rise in their outward and inward enjoyments; but what the precise forms of the results may be, my intellect is incapable of foreseeing.

As you mention that there are other individuals in your State, beside yourself, who desire to know my views on these topics-and it gives me great pleasure to keep up my connection with your countrymen-you are at perfect liberty to publish this letter in any form you please. With best wishes for your improvement and welfare, I remain, dear sir, your faithful servant, GEORGE COMBE.

P. S.-I do not mean to charge the operative class with general dishonesty, in their present circumstances; but what I have remarked, in this country, is this—that when responsibility to a master is withdrawn, and when large interests are committed to their discretionary management, with no check except that imposed by their own intelligence and sense of justice, they often make shipwreck of the concern through ignorance and incapacity, and not unfrequently find their moral principles, which sufficed to keep them honest as workmen, upset and inadequate to guide them as managers in trust for others. Until they learn to combine intellectual capacity with unbending integrity, capital cannot remain in their possession.

MISCELLANY.

H. WISNER, AND THE BERLINVILLE RESOLUTIONS.

WE publish the following resolutions with peculiar pleasure, partly because of their intrinsic excellence, especially as refuting the calumny that Phrenology favors irreligion-now the great watchword of religionists—partly because they are endorsed by the clergyman to whose preaching the editor listened when a boy-and they bear some internal marks of having come from his vigorous penand also because they pay a just tribute to the worth of the excellent co-worker they thus recommend to public confidence. Mr. Wisner was formerly a student in Amherst College. While pursuing his studies, he sent for some works on Phrenology, which turned his head-not inside out, but outside in-and showed him the utter insufficiency both of the learning and the religion of the schools, and so enamored him of the truth as it is in Phrenology, that he deterinined to make this science his profession, instead of preaching sectarianism. He, too, was studying for a Presbyterian preacher. How he likes the exchange, may be gathered from the following letter. Observe attentively his remarks on the prospective number of phrenologists soon to be required. Time will prove him a true prophet.

"CUYAHOGA FALLS, February 25, 1847. "FRIEND WELLS:-Yours of the 4th inst. is received. You seem to think that I am about to give up Phrenology. Not by any means. I have no fault to find. My success in Ohio is as good as I could expect. No, no, friend Wells, better days are coming. Phrenology is yet to be THE study. Its ultimate triumph is just as sure as its nature is unalterable. There will yet be a demand for good phrenologists, exceeding that for any other profession. Since you wrote me as you did, I send you a copy of one of the many sets of resolutions passed at my different courses of lectures :

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At the close of a series of lectures on the subjects of Phrenology_and Physiology, delivered by H. Wisner, at Berlinville, Erie county, Ohio, in February, 1847, the following were presented and adopted :

:

"1. Resolved, That we have listened to the lectures of Mr. Wisner, on the subjects of Phrenology and Physiology, with much interest, and have been delightfully astonished at the correctness with which he has delineated character in his public examinations.

"2. Resolved, That in our view Phrenology is a science-the science of mind—and the only sure guide to any true system of mental philosophy; that a knowledge of it is highly important to us all, as tending to promote our best interests, both for this world and that which is to come.

"3. Resolved, That the objections sometimes made to Phrenology, as being anti-Christian, and as tending to pamper the cause of infidelity, are in our view utterly without foundation; that when made they always betray gross ignorance of the subject; that in our view the true principles of Phrenology, rightly understood, are strongly adverse to infidelity, and decidedly beneficent to Christianityso much so that Christianity itself, to be successfully inculcated, must always be inculcated in harmony with the true principles of Phrenology, whether that harmony be perceived by its abettors or not; because the God of the Bible is also the God of nature, whose works and word can never conflict with each other. "4. Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing resolutions be handed Mr. Wisner; and that William Tillinghast, Esq., and Rev. J. Crawford, be a committee to procure their publication in the county papers.'”

The Big Woods RESOLUTIONS were put in type for our last issue, yet crowded over into this number. What we know of the co-worker in whose favor they were passed assures us that they are well-merited.

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PHRENOLOGY IN BIG WOODS.-The following resolutions were passed by the Big Woods Phrenological Society"-established, December 22, 1846-at the close of a course of lectures, given by Jeremiah Williams, Jr.

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Resolved, That we regard a knowledge of Phrenology and Physiology as the only means of revealing to man the relation which he sustains to himself, to his Maker, and to the external universe; and that a study of this science should precede the study of Theology, and every other science.

Resolved, That O. S. Fowler, by his disinterested labors in the cause of Phrenology, and by his continuing the American Phrenological Journal for years at an immense sacrifice of money and ease, merits the thanks of the human family, for his philanthropic zeal and perseverance in the cause of human progression, that we recommend and use our influence to circulate his publications in the community as powerful agents in redeeming the human family from mental and physical degradation.

"Resolved, That the lectures and illustrations in Phrenology, Physiology, and Animal Magnetism, recently given by Jeremiah Williams, Jr., before this society, have awakened a spirit of investigation into, and fully establish the truth of, this science of man in their community; and that we would recommend Mr. Williams to the public as a competent teacher and lecturer on Phrenology and Physiology. ROBINSON FLETCHER, President."

THE OBSERVER'S REPLY TO OUR "TINKERING" ARTICLE. Heretofore we have expended but little room or energy in answering opponents, but prefer to propagate our science without turning aside to the right or left. But, lest some should attribute our silence to inability to answer, and that others may see how puerile are the attacks of our strongest opponents, we turn aside and notice another Observer fling, as an example of the futility of their attacks and the strength of our cause.

"TINKERS IN MORALS AND PHILOSOPHY.-We are indebted to the Universalist newspaper in this city for the following elegant extract from a phrenological Journal, which we never see. Read it, reader, if your cerebral organiza tion will allow you to read. (1)

TINKERS.-Much has been said about "Yankee tinkers," " currency tinkers," and many other sorts of tinkers. Of late a new order of tinkers have arisen, which that old-fashioned paper the New York Observer calls " TINKERS IN MORALS AND PHILOSOPHY;" the prospective reign of which it deplores as inevitable, though it result in "the ruin of many souls." We will not return this "tinkering compliment," but simply submit whether it is not high time that somebody else should try their hand at moral and religious tinkering. Ever since the Puritans landed on Plymouth rock, that clique which the Observer so faithfully represents has done up the entire moral and religious tinkering for our nation-have first formed and then altered and moulded our institutions from beginning to end.'

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The phrenological tinker pursues his work at some length, but we wish to ask a question or two at this point. You admit Mr. Phrenologist, that the Observer represents the clique' that has done up the entire moral and religious tinkering for our nation ever since the Puritans leaped on Plymouth rock. Very well. We are pleased with this, and hope it may be true as long as we live. (2) And now we ask if such a set of tinkers as the Puritans ever operated in any other country, and was work ever so well done? Where are the results to

be compared with those we witness, and for which our gratitude under God is due to Puritan tinkers and the children who have inherited the principles and the trade of their fathers. In morals, religion, literature, liberty, wealth, happiness, where is the like of it on the face of the earth? (3)

“And now you would try your hand at tinkering. Well, the like of you have begun; your experiments have been tried in various communities, and thus far have signally and easily failed. The Sing Sing prison is witnessing a trial of your tinkering, and the results you can chronicle in due time. (4) And if your principles work out such fruit as the Puritans show, we shall certainly think better of your tinkering than we do at this present. But alas for society, alas for the human race, when newspapers in New York, calling themselves "Christian,' have become so degenerate as to ridicule the principles of the Puritans, and pronounce their labors a failure." (5)

(1) Yet whose doctrines you thus unequivocally condemn. To denounce a science, the only organ of which in this country it "never sees," is in perfect keeping with the "Observer's" principles and practice. Comment is unnecessary.

Perhaps, however, it means that we are too insignificant to be read. If the number of subscribers may be taken as a standard, we will compare our list with that of that great gun, the "Observer," any time. Our circulation fully equalled that of the "Observer" last year, and our present prospect is that we shall more than double it this. Whether our pages are worth reading, those who examine them are allowed to judge.

(2) Undoubtedly the "Observer" and Co. would like dearly to do up all the thinking for us republicans for ever, even though they “never see" what they condemn; but happily for us, though unhappily for the "Observer," men are beginning to do up their own thinking.

(3) In its article to which our “tinkering" article was a reply, the “Observer" holds this language:

"The religious and moral community may grieve that the gospel is made of no effect by the introduction of this new mode of reform; but the experiment' must be tried. The process is going on in our prisons: it is beginning in our schools: it finds advocates and apologists in our public press: it is becoming the popular theory of the day, and IT WILL BE TRIED, though the ruin of morals, the corruption of minds, and the destruction of souls are the natural and necessary result. The truth of divine wisdom, the experience of ages, the testimony of Christian moralists and philosophers, are all laid aside; while a set of male and female tinkers in philosophy, empirics of a day, without learning or common sense to help or guide them, are allowed to try their experiments on the destiny of immortal men!"-New York Observer, October 17.

In its issue of November 7th, occurs the following, in its review of Sampson's work on " Crime:"

"It will have a wide circulation: thousands will read it and believe it: this is just the age for the book: quackery, infidelity, and humbug are the order of the day, especially in matters of social and moral reformation; and among the contributions to the general fund, this work is entitled to the pre-eminence."

Put these two extracts together. One makes us "just the age for quackery, infidelity, and humbug." In the other, "in morals, religion, literature, liberty, wealth, happiness, where is the like of us on the face of the earth." Those who attempt to twistify require better memories.

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(4) Can chronicle now. The last report of that phrenologically conducted institution, shows that the prisoners have made larger profits, and been much more subordinate and easily managed, as well as every way improved, since it came under its present regimen. We have not been obliged to KILL men in order to subdue them, as YOUR regimen did. The auspicious results of our “tinkering” are already so effectually chronicled that you cannot unchronicle them. "But wait a little longer." We fear not the issue, but wait almost impatiently to 'chronicle" the results of this almost the only practical trial of our principles. (5) What paper in New York, calling itself “ Christian," has “ridiculed the principles of the Puritans, and pronounced their labors a failure?" Not the 'Phrenological Journal," but the "NEW YORK OBSERVER." Our " 'tinkering" article expressed no opinion whatever upon the Puritans, but said, and repeated it, "according to the Observer's own showing." Yet the "Observer" quotes up to this very sentence, and there adroitly stops; and thus accuses us of saying what IT said. How much better is this than an outright falsehood? Does not the "Observer" virtually herald the failure of the Puritans, when it says that books on their doctrines “will not sell enough to pay the printer's bills?" And if the last two extracts quoted do not practically pronounce the puritanical experiment a failure, pray what does? Yet this is not the point. The "Observer" tells all its readers that the “Phrenological Journal" despises and ridicules the Puritans, and bases its odious charge in making us say what IT said.

So far from our despising the Puritans, has the Observer, or any of its twistifying clique, put in type encomiums as high as the Journal contained ?-See our number for March, 1847, page 75.

And to show that this is not a casual passage, see on page 52:

"But if we are true to the trusts committed by our pilgrim fathers to our hands and such sacred trusts mortals never before committed or receivedthen will millennial glory soon burst upon our world, and earth become a paradise."

And did not our August number place the Puritans far in advance of all others of their time? When, where, have we expressed anything but veneration amounting almost to idolatry for the Pilgrims? But the Observer does virtually pronounce their labors a failure, and when we accuse it of so doing, it puts into OUR mouth, by a practical falsehood, what we took out of its, and then exclaims with holy horror against us and the science. With such violations of truth and Justice, the Christian (?) Observer may attempt to sustain its sinking craft, but the "infidel," "humbug" Journal would not stoop to misrepresent thus. Did Christ thus practically falsify? And what better evidence that the Observer man is no Christian than the two deliberate falsehoods fastened upon it in this and our last numbers.

MR. FOWLER (1) Will you please to give your opinion of the following. There are men in Essex Co., belonging to, and holding an “official standing" in, the M. E. Church, who are engaged in manufacturing and selling tobacco, and they are encouraged by the church in this worse than useless business; and there are others engaged in circulating the elevated and spiritual sentiments taught in "Love and Parentage," and "Amativeness," and it is considered a CRIME deserving the anathemas of the church. Is this straining at gnats and swAL LOWING camels, or worse