any manuscript communication whatever, for every copy of no greater weight than one ounce for any distance, For each additional ounce, Newspapers go free for any distance not exceeding 30 miles from the place where printed, when sent by the editors or publishers thereof. For any distance beyond 30 miles, within the state where published, For any distance exceeding 100 miles out of the state where published, .

121. ADVANTAGES OF KNOWLEDGE.-S. N. Sweet.

1. Education, properly understood, includes morality, as well as a knowledge of the sciences. In vain may we become familiar with the various branches of education, which are taught in our schools, unless we cultivate and practise correct moral habits. To educate the intellectual faculties, and stop there, is not enough. It is the solemn duty of all teachers, to present before the "mind's eye" of youth, the pure principles of morality, even of that morality, the perfection of which, is found alone in the doctrines and conduct of our Savior and the apostles.

2. Let them early understand, that every dereliction from moral rectitude, brings calamities upon themselves; that crime drags its perpetrator down to a level with the brute, and often sinks a being "made but little lower than the angels," even below the animal creation. Teach them that, if it were possible to throw off all the claims and obligations of morality and religion, that even then, it would not be policy, to do any thing wrong, for the reason, that no man, since the world began, ever yet had intellect enough, to commit atrocious crimes, and escape detection.

3. The very efforts which the guilty make, to shroud their iniquity "in the mantle of the dark," not unfrequently bring it to light. Under the inscrutable workings of an all-wise Providence, the dark cloud under which crime is perpetrated, 66 turns her silver lining upon it," and the guilty are punished.

4. Well did Dr. Blair say, that "the short space of seventy years is not worth being a villain for." The pleasures of sin, if indeed it can be said to have any pleasures, are transient ar the flight of the meteor which calls our attention only to wit

ness its fall. And moreover, they are always" followed by long woes."

5. Cicero, although he lived anterior to the coming of Christ, says: "I would do nothing that is dishonorable or lascivious, even though I knew the act would be forever disguised both from the immortal gods and men." And shall not we who believe in the existence of that God, who knowing the secrets of all hearts, will assuredly punish vice and reward virtue, walk in the morning effulgence of the great truths of christianity? And will not the instructors of our youth, teach them that moral culture is no less essential than intellectual?

6. Will not parents employ teachers of moral worth, as well as literary attainments? Who does not know that as children are taught, so, with very few exceptions, they will act through life? Dr. Paley compares them, when uneducated, to "mad dogs in the streets." Shall we not then, wage an exterminating war against ignorance? Let our cry be, down with the monster, for wherever it

"lives

It strikes deadly blows, nor feels the wounds it gives.”

7. Not so with knowledge. The light with which it fills the mind, is, "a lamp to our feet." It introduces to us the best society the world ever produced. We can converse, so to speak, with the great and good men of all ages by reading. And it is easy to "see clearly, and not as through a glass, darkly," that those who cultivate a taste for Elocution, will occupy their leisure moments in reading well written books, rather than in visiting places of improper resort.

"What is man if the chief good and market of his time
Be but to sleep and feed, a beast, no more;

Sure he that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before and after, gave us not

That capability and God-like reason,

To rust out unused."

8. Our Creator has bestowed upon us all the intellectual and moral powers of our nature, to be improved with incessant and ever growing exercise. The human mind is on its triumphant march to the temple of wisdom and truth. It is immortal, and its imperishable interests should be regarded, "as the immediate jewel of the soul." Under the guidance of Christian , morality,

122. DISADVANTAGES OF IGNORANCE.-S. N. Sweet.

1. Ignorance is the source of a large portion of the vice and misery that exist in the world. In the absence of a knowledge of human nature, and of the attributes of Deity, man is not otherwise distinguished from the brute creation, than by the figure of his species. While ignorant of the philosophy of the mind, and of the character of God, he is but a child of a larger growth, even in advanced age. He violates municipal laws, of the existence of which, he is unconscious; and yet, he suffers their penalties.

2. He believes that imaginary beings, called witches, have actually existed; and although the dead return not to the earth, his imagination is visited with spectral illusions of midnight ghosts. Being a stranger to Christianity, which reveals all that mortal man can know of future events; he puts confidence in the false pretences of sooth-sayers, some of whom are to be found, in almost every community. A thousand other ills, from which the well informed individual is free,

-" shade the prospect of his joys."

3. Unacquainted with his history, he knows not the pleasure derived from a survey of the vast fields of knowledge which it unfolds. Having paid no attention to astronomy, he has yet to learn that the stars are worlds, some of which are much larger than ours, and all of which are, in all probability, inhabited by intelligent and happy beings. But what is most to be regretted, is, that such a person does not know, that of all the works of God, man alone has

"The great soul, Like the imprison'd eagle, pent within, That struggling fain would fly,"

and soar, as on an angel's wing, to heaven. He attaches more importance to the frail and perishable body, than to the immortal mind.

4. If his mind and heart are not imbued with the spirit of

Christ, he will be likely to diminish, rather than increase the happiness of those around him. He will probably cherish, and practically exemplify, a feeling of extreme selfishness. He will live without friends, and when he dies, nobody will mourn. And, moreover, he may "do himself harm." If he do not spend his leisure hours in acquiring valuable knowledge, he may be tempted to visit places, where that life and soul-destroying stuff, ardent spirits,-is sold; or he may stultify himself enough to visit houses, the doors of which, like "the gates of hell," stand open day and night. Vice, like this, draws a dark cloud over his prospects of happiness, through the eternal shadows of which, nothing is clearly discernible but misery and wo.

5. In view of these facts, the question suggests itself to every philanthropist, what means can be adopted for the general diffusion of knowledge? I answer, that one of the greatest known engines of influence, to effect that object, an object inseparably connected with the purity and perpetuation of our free and glorious institutions, is the Press. Many of the people of the United States have neither leisure nor disposition, to pursue a systematic course of study; and all such may be greatly benefited by cheap and entertaining literary papers and books. The great mass of our countrymen have not the pecuniary means to enable them to attend the higher institutions of learning. That knowledge which our academies and colleges impart, is confined to comparatively few. It is "like morning light, which gilds the mountain tops, but reaches not the valleys."

6. Our chief reliance, then, must be upon common schools; institutions established to qualify teachers of such schools; useful books; and upon well conducted educational publications, for the universal spread of knowledge, and for the intellectual and moral culture of future generations, as well as the present The schoolmaster and the literary newspaper are abroad; and they cannot fail to exert a powerful influence upon the habits and morals of the people.

7. Let teachers and editors labor to combine the education of the heart with that of the head, and, while exerting themselves to make broader and deeper the streams of knowledge, let their instructions be imbued with that pure spirit, which, rising above all sectarianism, embraces the noble doctrines of Christ and the apostles. Ígnorance and iniquity produce

misery; knowledge and religion, happiness. Dr. Wayland's definition of human happiness is most excellent. "It consists in the gratification of our desires within the limits assigned to them by our Creator." Those, and those only, who act in accordance with the laws of virtue, by seeking knowledge, and by the limitation of their desires within the bounds of enlightened reason, can be happy.

8. It has been often said, and with much truth, that neither wealth nor fame afford substantial happiness. It is to be found only by living, as becomes "mortal and immortal beings." Feeble, indeed, is our hold upon this life. One by one, we are rapidly dropping into the grave. "If," therefore, as Álexander Hamilton expressed it, แ we would rescue any thing from final dissolution, we must lay it up in God."

Cicero and Dr. Franklin have been called egotists, by some weakminded persons, because they wrote, as they thought of themselves. 【 design, ere long, to prepare for the press,

"A round unvarnish'd tale"

"Of my whole" life,

"And with it, all my travel's history."

Samuel N. Sweet was born August 21st, 1805, at Berlin, Rensselaer county, New-York. My father fought for our country's freedom, under the banner of Washington. He died before "the silver locks of boyhood were yet dark upon my temples." At the age of 17 years, I taught a common school, at Adams, Jefferson county. In my twentieth year, I entered General Wright's office, in that town, as a student at law; and, after wards, pursued the study, in the law offices of A. G. Hammond, Esq. in my native town; E. B. Hawes, Esq. at Bellville; and J. N. Cushman, Esq. in the city of Troy. On the 27th of March, 1840, I was allowed "two years classical studies," by the Hon. Greene C. Bronson, one of the justices of the supreme court of the state of New-York. In 1828 and '29, I represented Jefferson county, as a delegate in two political state conventions, at Utica and Albany; Rensselaer county in one at Syracuse in 1834; Oswego, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and Jefferson counties, in 1830, in a United States' convention, at the city of Philadelphia; Monroe county, in a state temperance convention, at Rochester, in 1839; established and edited a public journal at Syracuse in 1830; another in 1833, at St. Albans, Vermont; was secretary of the state education convention, of which the Hon. Jabez D. Hammond was president, held at Utica, May 11, 1837; was elected inspector of common schools in my native town in 1828; travelled through the southern and western section of the union in 1829; visited the city of Washington in the spring of 1836; was appointed profes sor of elocution in the Auburn Female Seminary in 1842; gave my first lecture on phonology and elocution in the court house, at Cooperstown, in the winter of 1834; lectured at Clinton Hall, in New-York, before the Law Association of that city, in April, 1836; taught in the Theological and Literary Institution at Hamilton in 1837; lectured in Hamilton Col