varia, Westphalia, Franconia, Suabia, and Austria; these are subdivided into many separate governments.

Q. What is the capital of Germany?

A. Vienna, situated on the Danube, in the circle of Austria, is the capital of Austria, and of all the German empire. It contains 254,000 inhabitants.

AUSTRIA.

Q. What portions of Europe are included in the Austrian dominions?

A. Beside the circle of Austria above-mentioned, there are Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania, Sclavonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, and part of the late kingdom of Poland, which are connected with Germany, and subject to the House of Austria.

Q. What is the population of the Austrian dominions?

A.. About 23,500,000 inhabitants?

FRANCE.

Q. What are the boundaries & extent of France? A. It has the English Channel and the Netherlands on the north; the Rhine on the east; the Mediterranean sea and the Pyrenean mountains south, and the Bay of Biscay west. It is 600 miles long, and 500 broad.

Q. What is the climate?

A. In general mild and healthy.

Q. What rivers are there?

A. The Loire, Rhone, Garonne, and Seine,

Q. What is the soil?

A. Rich and productive.

Q. Are there any Universities in France?
A. There are twenty-eight.

Q. What are the number of inhabitants?
A. According to Hassel there are 39,400,000.
Q. What is the government?

A. A limited monarchy.

Q. What is the capital city of France? A. Paris, situated on the river Seine. It is 100 miles from the sea, and 200 miles south-east from London. It contains 647,700 inhabitants.

NETHERLANDS.

Q. What are the boundaries and extent of the Netherlands ?

A. Bounded on the north by Holland, east by Germany, south by France, and west by the English channel; it is 200 miles long and 180 broad. Q. What is the climate?

A. In the interior parts mild and healthy.
Q. What is the face of the country?

A. In general low and level..

Q. What is the soil ?

A. Similar to that of France.

Q. What is the number of inhabitants ?

A. 3,900,000.

Q. What are the rivers ?

A. The Maese, the Scheldt, the Dermer, and

the Lys.

Q. What is the capital ?

A. Ghent. It contains about 50,000 inhabitants.

HOLLAND.

Q. How is Holland bounded?

A. On the north and west by the German o

cean, east by Germany, south by the Catholic Netherlands and France.

Q. What is its length and breadth ?
A. It is 500 miles long and 110 broad.
Q. What is the face of the country?

A. It is low and marshy; some parts of it is lower than the sea, from which it is secured by dykes.

Q. What are the rivers ?

A. The Rhine, the Mease, the Scheldt, and the Vecht.

Q. What is the population of Holland? A. It contains about 2,300,000 inhabitants. Q. What is the government of Holland ? A. It was once a Republic, but is now governed by the Prince of Orange.

Q. What is the capital of Holland?

A. Amsterdam is the chief city; it ranks among the first cities of Europe. 200,000 inhabitants.

It contains

SWITZERLAND.

Q. What is the extent of Switzerland?
A. It is 180 miles long and 140 broad.
Q. How is it bounded?

A. North and east by Germany, south by Italy, and west by France.

Q. What is the general appearance of Switzerland?

A. It is considered the most elevated land in Europe; it is generally mountainous and rocky. Q. What are the rivers?

A. The Rhine, Rhone, Aar, Arve, Reus and Inn.

Q. What is the principal city of Switzerland?

A. The city of Basil; it has 15,000 inhabit

ants.

SPAIN.

Q. What are the boundaries and extent of Spain ?

A. It is bounded north by the bay of Biscay, north-east by the Pyrennes, east and south by the Mediterranean, west by Portugal and the Atlantic. It is 700 miles long and 500 broad.

Q. What is the climate?

A. In the southern parts it is excessively hot in summer; in the northern very cold in winter. Q. What is the soil?

A. It is fertile.

Q. What is the face of the

A. Very uneven.

Q. What are the rivers ?

country?

A. Duero, Tagus, Gaudiana, and Ebro.
Q. What is the number of inhabitants?

A. 10,000,000.

Q. What is the government?

A. An absolute Monarchy.

Q. What is the capital of Spain?

A. Madrid, containing 156,000 inhabitants.

Q. How is Portugal bounded?

A. It is bounded on west and south by the atlantic, east and north by Spain.

Q. What is its extent ?

A. 300 miles long and 150 broad.

Q. what is the climate?

A. It is milder than in Spain.

Q. what are the rivers?

A. The Tagus, Duero and Minbo, are the principal.

Q. What is the government?

A. An absolute hereditary monarchy.
Q. What is the capital?

A. Lisbon; and is, excepting London and Amsterdam, the greatest port in Europe. It contains 350,000 inhabitants.

ITALY.

Q. How is Italy bounded?

A. North and north-east by Switzerland and Germany; east by the gulf of Venice; south by the Mediterranean; west by the sea and France.

Q. What is the extent of Italy?

A. 600 miles long, and from 25 to 400 in breadth.

Q. What are the rivers ?

A. The Po, Tiber, Tesind and Volturno.
Q. What is the soil?

A. Very fertile.

Q. What is the capital of Italy?

A. ROME, anciently the capital of the world; and it may still be regarded as the first and most beautiful in the world. The number of inhabitants is 163,000.

Q. What other large cities are there in Italy? A. Naples, Venice and Genoa ; the former contains 409,000 inhabitants.

MEDITERRANEAN ÍSLANDS.

Q. What Islands constitute the kingdom of Sicily?

F