Transgenic AnimalsDuring the past 20 years, transgenesis has become a popular technique and a crucial tool for molecular geneticists and biologists. Transgene expression is now better-controlled and even specifically inducible by exogenous factors. While these techniques have quite significantly transformed the experimental approaches taken by biologists, the applications are more limited than expected and concerns have arisen regarding biosafety as well as physiological, social, and philosophical issues. Transgenic Animals: Generation and Use contains articles on the techniques used to generate transgenic animals and a section on the preparation of vectors for the optimally controlled expression of transgenes. It also examines the use of transgenic animals in the study of gene function and human diseases, the preparation of recombinant proteins and organs for pharmaceutical and medical use, and the improvement of genetic characteristics of farm animals. Finally, it discusses more recent problems generated by transgenic animals including conservation of transgenic lines, specific database patenting, biosafety, and bioethics. Drawn from both academia and industry, the contributors to this monograph present in one concise volume all the relevant information on the different aspects of transgenesis. This book can be used as both a reference book and a textbook for specialized university courses and will be of interest to everyone involved in basic research in animal biology, molecular genetics, animal biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and medicine. |
Contents
OVERVIEW | 1 |
THE TECHNIQUES FOR GENE TRANSFER | 7 |
Techniques and Problems in Producing Transgenic Pigs | 15 |
The Generation of Transgenic Sheep by Pronuclear Microinjection | 23 |
DNA Delivery by Cytoplasmic Injection | 37 |
SECTION B IN VITRO MAMMAL EMBRYO MANIPULATION | 45 |
In Vitro Generation of Bovine Embryos | 51 |
The Use of Cryopreserved Fertilized Ova to Generate Transgenic Mammals | 55 |
Insertional Mutagenesis in Transgenic Mice | 361 |
EnhancerTrap Studies of the Drosophila Brain | 365 |
An Overview | 371 |
Model Organisms for the Analysis | 387 |
The Preparation of Human Antibodies from Mice Harbouring Human | 397 |
from Founder to an Established | 403 |
The Use of Mouse Knockouts to Study Tumor Suppressor Genes | 411 |
The Generation of New Immortalized Cell Lines through Transgenesis | 421 |
The Microinjection of DNA into Early Chicken Embryo | 69 |
The Use of Retroviral Vectors for Gene Transfer into Bird Embryo | 83 |
Ballistic Transfection of Avian Primordial Germ Cells In Ovo | 101 |
Transferring Foreign Genes into Zebrafish Eggs by Microinjection | 119 |
SECTIONE GENE TRANSFER INTO INVERTEBRATES | 133 |
Gene Transfer Technology in Marine Invertebrates | 151 |
SECTION F THE USE OF ES CELLS FOR GENE TRANSFER AND GENE TARGETING | 157 |
Bovine Pluripotent Stem Cells for Transgenic Vectors | 173 |
SECTION G THE DIRECT GENE TRANSFER INTO SOMATIC CELLS OF ANIMALS | 189 |
Advances Toward Synthetic RetroVectoring | 205 |
Chromosomal Insertion of Foreign DNA | 219 |
Genetic Mosaicism in the Generation of Transgenic Mice | 233 |
SECTION B THE VECTORS FOR TRANSGENESIS | 251 |
Transgene Rescue | 267 |
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and Animal Transgenesis | 283 |
Gene Transfer Using Microdissected Chromosome Fragments | 299 |
Mouse Genetic Manipulation via Homologous Recombination | 307 |
Improvements in Transgene Expression by Gene Targeting | 323 |
Reporter Genes and Detection of Mutational Activity in Mice | 339 |
The Use of Transgenic Mammals for AIDS Studies | 427 |
The Role of Mouse Models in the Development of New Therapies | 435 |
Transgenic Animals in Atherosclerosis Research | 445 |
The Generation and Use of Transgenic Animals for Xenotransplantation | 455 |
THE PREPARATION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS FROM | 461 |
Production of Complex Human Pharmaceuticals in the Milk of Transgenic | 465 |
THE MODIFICATION OF MILK COMPOSITION | 473 |
SECTION E THE PROTECTION OF ANIMALS AGAINST DISEASES | 483 |
The Use of Antisense RNA and Ribozyme Sequences to Prevent | 489 |
Antibody Encoding Transgenes Their Potential Use in Congenital | 495 |
Potential Applications in Transgenic | 501 |
Improved Wool Production from InsulinLike Growth Factor 1 Targeted | 507 |
Recent Progress in Mammalian Genomics and its Application | 519 |
THE NEW PROBLEMS GENERATED BY TRANSGENIC ANIMALS | 525 |
The Relationalized Database of Transgenic Animals | 533 |
The Patenting of Transgenic Animals | 553 |
Ethical Problems of Animal Transgenesis | 569 |
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Common terms and phrases
Acad Acids activity adenovirus allele analysis antibodies antisense Biol Biology blastocyst bovine Brinster cDNA cell lines chicken chimeras chromatin clones construct containing culture cytoplasm deletion developmental DNA methylation Drosophila efficiency eggs elegans embryonic stem cells embryos encoding endogenous enhancer factor fertilized foreign DNA function gene expression gene targeting gene transfer genetic genic genome germ line germline growth homologous recombination human injected insertion integration lacZ levels locus mammalian marker method methylation microinjection milk modified molecular molecules mouse embryos mRNA murine mutation Natl nuclear oocytes Palmiter PGCs phenotype plasmid primordial germ cells Proc production promoter pronuclei protein rabbit receptor region regulation regulatory replication reporter gene Reprod selectable sequences specific sperm stage strains studies TBASE technique tion tissue trans transcription transfected transgenesis transgenic animals transgenic mice tumor viral virus vitro vivo yeast yeast artificial chromosome zebrafish zygotes