all preconceived methods, place them at the head of humanity. After having stated that superior races are furthest removed from the anthropoid Apes, whilst inferior races are nearest them, they bring together all the facts which in this respect favor the whites and entirely forget those in which Negroes are shown to be favored. .

"In the blood of modern Europeans flows that of Negroes, who lived on our continent at the end of the Quartenary epoch. . .

"Let us remember that according to Guiseppe Sergi, Professor Brinton and others that the white race, the ethnographical pride of Europe, is only the direct fruit of a Negro race-the European-Africans established from time immemorial and who came from North Africa. .

"But what about the skull of the Negro?" objected the passenger, at this juncture. "The brain of the Negro is much smaller than that of the white man. The complexity of the convolutions of the Negro's brain is also far less intricate. It is not unlike that of any orang-outang. The sutures of the Negro skull also close much earlier than the white man's and thus prevent the growth of the brain."

"Of this Finot says," read Dixon: "All these measurements with their imposing numbers and scientific pretentions, as also the theoretic observations, resolve themselves as we have seen into a nebulous doctrine, which affirms many things and proves nothing. The exact instruments which anthropologists and craniometrists use offer a fantastic data. The results of their operations are deposited in thousands of volumes, and yet, what is the real meaning? In examining them closely one can hardly attribute to them even a descriptive value, so much do they contradict and destroy each other.'"

Dixon began to look for another passage that he was desirous of reading. While finding it, he commented:

"In this passage note the difference between the voices of science and prejudice. 'An analysis of all the successive theories on inequality created in us before everything else a profound astonishment at the inertness of our thought. When we go through the list of external differences which appear to divide men we find literally nothing which authorizes their division into superior and inferior beings. The science of inequality is emphatically a science of white people. It is they who have invented it, and set it going, who have maintained, cherished and propagated it, thanks to their observations and their deductions. Deeming themselves greater than men of other colors, they have elevated into superior qualities all the traits which are peculiar to themselves, commencing with the whiteness of the skin and the pliancy of the hair. But nothing proves that these vaunted traits are traits of racial superiority. Human varieties have not been studied like those of animals and plants without conventional prejudices to their respective values and as to those which are superior and inferior. Facts have often yielded to sentiments. We have often been persuaded with the help of our feelings to accept our own preferences rather than impartial observations and our own prejudices rather than scientific laws. The purity of the blood which we create at will and which we find in the animal world becomes impossible in the human milieu. The Negroes are related to the Whites who are linked to the Yellows as these last have common links with both Negroes and Whites.""

The passenger started to reply, but just then the train conductor entered and began to ask Dixon about certain tickets. Dixon explained that he had them in the locker, and asking to be excused, left the room with the conductor.

Shortly afterward the passenger retired, but the thought of his defeat forbade sleep. He was in a blind rage. Why had he started to argue with this menial?

The idea of a Negro, a common porter belonging to a race he so heartily contemned, possessing enough knowledge to beat him in an argument! His anger increased as he remembered the calm and polished bearing of his opponent as contrasted with his rude manner, he, a Caucasian, and a state senator. And, worst of all, too, he had to acknowledge even to himself the logic of the porter's argument. As he kept revolving some of the points in his mind his hatred for the whole Negro race welled up in his heart stronger than ever. Ah! but after all there was some consolation! This man was only a Negro porter, and no matter how much knowledge he possessed, he, as a Caucasian, was a better man. Everybody recognized him as such. He had better advantages and could enter places where this Negro dared not. But deep in his heart was an involuntary admiration for his opponent.

SECOND DAY.

"The man's body is sacred, and the woman's body is sacred. "No matter who it is, it is sacred-is it the meanest one in the laborer's gang?

"Is it one of the dull-faced immigrants just landed on the wharf? "Each belongs here or anywhere just as much as the well-off, just as much as you.

Each has his or her place in the procession."-WALT WHITMAN. The passenger slept late the next morning. On awakening, better thoughts came to him. These were improved by Dixon's cheery and respectful salutation. To this greeting he responded in a shamefaced and somewhat gruff manner, but Dixon refused to notice this. All that day the passenger noted Dixon's conduct -his unobstrusive manner, his solicitude for the women passengers, his gentleness with the children, and his amiability to all, and began to like him in spite of him

self. Yet, the thought of his defeat rankled in his breast, and he determined to seek another occasion to talk with Dixon in the hope of regaining his lost ground.

That night, Dixon again retired to the smoker to read. He had read but a short while when the passenger entered. Dixon was sitting in the chair this time. He arose, urging courteously, "Won't you have the chair, sir? I'm sure you will find it more comfortable than the couch."

"No, thank you," refused the other, motioning him to keep his seat, at the same time passing his cigarette case, a kindness which Dixon smilingly refused.

"Suppose we resume our talk," suggested the passenger after a few minutes of silence.

"My sermon, I fear, sir," laughed Dixon, "since I have been doing all the talking, or rather, preaching. I really don't want to preach to you."

Now, Dixon had guessed this man's object, on his entrance, and determined to circumvent him if possible. Although passionately fond of debating, he did not like to argue the color question, especially with whites. He had chided himself much for the argument of the night before, and determined not to be caught again. At the moment the passenger entered, Dixon was reading of Negro mentality, but just prior to that, he had been reading about the ancient Celts, so he replied:

"I have been reading about the Druids," and then, without giving the other a chance to reply, he began to speak about the customs of these ancient Britons. Then he started to tell of the various countries he had visited. Now and again the passenger would make some remark calculated to lead the conversation into the channel he desired, but each time Dixon would adroitly evade it. Once Dixon told of an incident in Damascus, where a Syrian was carrying a good many chickens to market, with their legs tied together and hanging head downward, and the other immediately made an allusion to

Negroes and chickens in the South. But Dixon steered clear of this by immediately telling him of the ruins of ancient Assyria. Then he spoke of the ruins of ancient Greece, of Pompeii, the Colosseum, and the ruins of the Cliff-dwellers in New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. The passenger then pointed out that the Negro had no such monuments to his credit. Dixon mentioned the Sphinx, and was just going to tell him about a visit to the Pyramids, when the other wedged in a remark about the Negro and the Indian, and then began to speak of the superiority of Indian mentality over that of the Negro. He concluded by saying, "The Indian did not submit to slavery, while the Negro did. My greatgrandmother was the daughter of a Cherokee chief and I am proud of it. Now, don't you really think the Indian is the mental superior of the Negro?"

Dixon did not reply for a few moments, then suddenly making up his mind, he said to himself, "You want me to argue the color question, do you? All right, I will, but don't blame me if I tell you a few plain truths.' Then speaking aloud, he said: "The Indians were enslaved successively by the Spanish, French and English. There were Indian slaves from Canada to Louisiana. The decline of Indian slavery was due largely to its being an economic failure. The Indian could not stand the hardships, nor the whiskey and the diseases of the white man. Large numbers of them died from smallpox, consumption and syphilis. A white slave was far more valuable than an Indian, and a Negro was more valuable than either. One Negro slave sometimes fetched as much as nine Indians. A Negro laborer was reckoned as the equivalent of five or six Indians. You can find some interesting reading about this in 'Studies in History, Economics and Public Law,' Columbia University (Vol. 54).

"There were also Indian slaves in the remainder of the New World, but everywhere they came in contact