Thermal Physics |
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Page 138
... bosons.3 Their properties are summarized in Table 1. There is no limit to the number of bosons that may occupy the same orbital . We treat bosons later in this chapter . An atom of He is a boson : the atom has two electrons , two ...
... bosons.3 Their properties are summarized in Table 1. There is no limit to the number of bosons that may occupy the same orbital . We treat bosons later in this chapter . An atom of He is a boson : the atom has two electrons , two ...
Page 144
... bosons . A boson is a par- ticle with an integral value of the spin . An orbital can be occupied by any number of bosons . Because an orbital can be occupied by only one fermion , we see that bosons have an essentially different quality ...
... bosons . A boson is a par- ticle with an integral value of the spin . An orbital can be occupied by any number of bosons . Because an orbital can be occupied by only one fermion , we see that bosons have an essentially different quality ...
Page 145
... bosons can occupy the same orbital . The lowest level of this orbital contributes a term 1 to the grand sum ; the ... bosons . The system is in thermal and diffusive contact with a reservoir . In our treatment of bosons we shall let e ...
... bosons can occupy the same orbital . The lowest level of this orbital contributes a term 1 to the grand sum ; the ... bosons . The system is in thermal and diffusive contact with a reservoir . In our treatment of bosons we shall let e ...
Contents
AN ELEMENTARY SOLUBLE SYSTEM | 17 |
ENERGY OF THE MAGNETIC MODEL SYSTEM | 24 |
THE FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTION | 27 |
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Boltzmann bosons calculated Carnot cycle chemical potential classical regime closed system cm³ combined system concentration defined definition denote derivative diffusive contact dipole distribution function electric field electron energy levels ensemble entropy equal equation equilibrium ergs example expansion experimental Fermi energy Fermi gas Fermi-Dirac fermions Figure fluctuations flux fractional free energy free particle frequency gases given grand sum He¹ He³ heat capacity helium ideal gas law increase integral isothermal kinetic lattice liquid low temperature m₁ magnetic field magnetic moment molecule N₁ negative temperature number of accessible number of atoms number of particles occupied P₁ partition function photons plotted potential energy pressure probable configuration Problem properties quantity quantum number reservoir result Show solid spin excess superfluid system in thermal term thermal average thermal contact thermodynamic potential total number U₁ unit velocity versus volume white dwarf