Crawford-John Hopley, Julia Breckenridge, Narcissa Lightner, Harriet A. Lightner Lorain Seaton, Mary J. Clarke, Bell Stone, Bell Rutan-8.

Cuyahoga-H. Childs, C. S. Martindale-2.

Delaware-Rev. F. Merrick, Rev. M. French, J. W. Hiett, P. A. Crist, I. Crook, T. P. Reid, Mrs. M. French, Misses C. J. Washburn, M. E. Beecham, R. A. Morrow-10. Erie-Rev. W. S. Kennedy, M. F. Cowdery, C. S. Royce. S. S. Cotton, H. W. Persing, Mrs. M. E. Persing, Miss H. Blanchard-7.

Franklin-Gov. S. P. Chase, Rev. Anson Smyth, Dr. A. D. Lord, Dr. R. Hills, J. J. Janney, Prof. W. W. Mather, Rev. Mr. Stone, E. D. Kingsley, G. C. Smith, E. L. Traver, D. C. Pearson, S. B. Phipps, J. L. Tyler, Dr. James Hoge, Rev. J. M. Steele, John Greiner, Dr. S. M. Mather, Rev. D. A. Randall, M. B. Bateham, M. M. Powers, L. E. Green, Wm. Jameson, T. C. Bowles, Liberty Hall, H. H. Howlett, J. C. McElroy, T. H. Little, M. N. Hutchinson, J. A. Scarritt, Lewis Heyl, W. T. Coggeshall, Esq., S. D. Harris, L. L. Rice, Joseph Sullivant, Dr. J. H. Coulter, F. C. Sessions, A. B. Buttles, Rev. J. D. Smith, Dr. R. J. Patterson, Joseph Hutcheson, Thomas Kennedy, Josiah Jenkins, T. S. Baldwin, Rev. E. D. Morris, Dr. James Williams, B. Wilson, S. E. Adams, Mrs. J. J. Janney, Mrs. E. L. Traver, Mrs. D. C. Pearson, Mrs. G. C. Smith, Mrs. S. G. Marple, Mrs. M. B. Bateham, Mrs. A. Smyth, Mrs. J. M. Steele, Mrs. L. L. Rice, Mrs. D. A. Randall, Mrs..T. S. Baldwin, Mrs. F. C. Sessions, Mrs. A. L. Adams, Mrs. A. D. Lord, Misses S. A. Dutton, R. N. Burr, C. Horr, E. E. Edwards, A. M. Dunbar, M. E. Robinson, Freeman, Lucy M. Weaver, Susanna Wells, C. P. Snell, M. A. Cushman, Mary Kennedy, M. C. Wright, L. A. Peters, M. E. Hopperton, S. C. Ingraham, C. E. Yates, S. A. Vande water, C. A. Moore, M. A. Bannister, Mary Rice, A. Winchester-83.

Greene-Hon. Horace Mann, A. Amyx, Wm. James, W. H. Austin, Thos. F. Bragg, J. P. Patterson, L. H. Story, D Story, Mrs. E. Wead, Miss M. J. Parry--10.

Guernsey-Thos. W. McCartney, Samuel Findley, William White, James White-4. Hamilton-Hon. H. H. Barney, Andrew J. Rickoff, John D. Caldwell, Prof. Alphons Wood, John Hancock, C. Nason, A. Page, John B. Trevor, M. S. Turrill, A. A. Brunner, J. H. Rolfe, H. D. Perry, W. Crippen, M. D. Parker, Mrs. M. D. Parker, Misses P. M. Johnson, M. H. Johnson-17.

Harrison-Cyrus McNeely, John Ogden, T. E. Fidler, Mrs. H. Ogden, Misses L. McCauley,
Bell McCauley-6.

Highland-Thomas H. Herdman, Wm. Mooney, E. A. Mosier, W. W. Holmes-4.
Huron-W. Mitchell, George Cornell, Misses M. M. Waugh, J. A. Hitchcock-4.
Jefferson-Eli T. Tappan, Warren J. Sage, George Jenkins-3.

Knox-J. B. Selby-1.

Lake-G. E. Howe, Misses Emeline Cook, Frances French, H. . Matthews, F. T. Gee, Sarah E. Cranston, Caroline Barber-7.

Lawrence-W. W. Mather, Francis L. Richey-2.

Licking-Rev. A. Duncan, Prof. S. N. Sanford, Dr. J. Hall, Joseph Lindley, A. Jones, H. H. Barber, Mary Jarvis-7.

Logan-John F. Lukens, David Parsons-2.

Lucas-E. W. Lenderson, A. B. West, John Eaton Jr., Misses Carrie Eaton, Louisa Fairchild, Clarissa Fairchild-6.

Madison-J. H. Drew, E. P. Ingersoll, Smith Olney, J. S. Burnham, Mrs. E. W. Cozzens, Miss Juliah Kroh-6.

Medina-W. P. Clark-1.

Miami-Wm. M. Edwards, L. W. Peck, W. W. V. Buchanan-3.

Montgomery-H. Anderson, C. Ford, J. T. Liggett, Charles Rogers, T. B. Stevenson-5. Morrow-B. B. McVay, H. J. Dunn, S. J. McMahan-3.

Muskingum-George W. Batchelder, Almon Samson, A. B. Cornell, M. H. Lewis, Miss Mary E. Cowling-5.

Pickaway-E. M. Cotton, John Lynch, Misses N. Brooks, H. A. Tower, H. Wood-5.
Pike-S. Bartley-1.

Portage-James A. Garfield-1.

Preble-James Wilson, John W. Bloomfield, I. S. Morris--3.

Richland-Rev. J. B. Walker, Dr. Wm. C. Catlin, R. B. Smith, A. L. Grimes, S. E. Porter,

M. J. Bishop, W. L. Summers, Mrs. Markham, Miss Douglass-9.

Ross-Enos Adamson, Mrs. S. L. Adamson, Miss Mary Ann Gage-3.

Sandusky-John G. Cook Jr.-1.

Scioto-E. E. White, Mrs. C. S. Blakeslee-2.

Seneca-Geo. H. Hampson, A. Schuyler, T. I. Andrews-3.

Shelby-J. R. Clark, David Clark, Mary J. Clark-3.

Stark T. Harvey, R. Hafleigh-2.

Summit-Pres. H. L. Hitchcock, D.D., Prof. C. A. Young, E. S. Gregory-3.

Tuscarawas-C. T. Emerson, Mrs. L. A. Emerson, T. R. Laird, Phebe Beeson-4.

Warren-A. Holbrook, J. P. Ellinwood, J. H. Reed, A. E. Holcomb, Misses Kate C. Marris, Marietta Mastick-6.

Wayne-Miss Sarah Brannon-1.

Wood-D. E. Wells-1.

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.

A REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF COMMON SCHOOLS IN OHIO.

Those who were in attendance at Columbus, on the deliberations of the Ohio State Teachers' Association, were gratified with the able effort of W. T. Coggeshall, State Librarian, on this theme.

To preserve for reference many of the facts brought forward in that address, and to place them in reach of our readers who were not in attendance, a number of important historical points are here presented.

It is one of the duties of those who have in trust the noble Common School movement, now in such popular favor, to remember gratefully those who had to struggle, amid a sea of difficulties, to establish the system, and who devoted the best years of their lives, without reward, to sustain it.

To those who enacted the Ordinances of 1785 and 1787, opening the Territory northwest of the Ohio to settlement, and dedicating it to Religion, Morality and Knowledge, are we indebted for laying the corner stone of our prosperity.

Liberal provision was made in grants of lands for support of schools and endowment of State Universities.

711,871 acres of land from the public domain have been bestowed for Common Schools, and 69,120 for Universities; but by early neglect, mismanagement and rascality, there has been, since Ohio came into the Union, not more than two and a half millions of dollars realized from

this source for the actual support of schools, whereas if our land resources had been properly husbanded, we would have in these school sections a fund of ten millions of dollars.

When the State Constitution was formed, it contained the fundamental proclamation that "Schools and the means of instruction should be forever encouraged by legislative provisions.'

No practical legislation took place, however, organizing a general Common School system, until 1821.

Many excellent suggestions were made in the messages of Governors a long time before the enterprise eventuated in success.

Gov. Worthington, who established the Ohio State Library, in his communication to the General Assembly, in 1817, said:— If we expect in our youth religion, morality and knowledge,' suitable teachers must be employed." He proposed the establishment of a free school at the seat of government, where, at the expense of the state, boys, the children of parents unable to educate them, should be qualified as teachers, and when proper salaries were offered, that they should have the preference of employment of the Public Schools of the State, it being required that they should continue to teach in said schools until they were 21 years of age.

About this time, at Cincinnati, a circle of active men, engaged in a concerted educational movement, led by Nathan Guilford, were using the Press as a lever to awaken a proper public spirit. The Poor Richard's" Almanac, published at Cincinnati by the courageous Guilford, as "Solomon Thrifty," with the articles communicated to the newspapers, mainly were the proximate cause of bringing about the decisive movement in the Legislature of 1821.

In 1806, a portion of the state had been districted, and subsequently, funds arising from section 16, and from military lands, applied, but the action of the 19th General Assembly was the first for the whole

state.

In 1821-2, a committee on schools and school lands, of which Caleb Atwater, of the House, was chairman, made an elaborate report upon the necessity of liberal popular education, recommending the appointment of seven Commissioners, to devise and report upon a Common School system.

That report was made in 1822, and accepted. Allen Trimble, then Governor, appointed Caleb Atwater, Rev. John Collins, Rev. James Hoge, Nathan Guilford, Ephraim Cutler, Josiah Barber, and James M. Bell, a committee to report a system of schools.

This they did, on the plan of the New York schools of that day, making no provision for a general fund, other than that which might arise from the sale and lease of lands.

The views of the majority of the committee, Messrs. Atwater, Collins and Hoge, being the leading Commissioners, were conveyed with much fervor in three pamphlets, issued and distributed to awaken public interest.

Nathan Guilford, deeming their plan inadequate to the wants of the state, presented his views by another channel. He published an able letter, boldly proclaiming that the state should enact a law requiring a county tax, for school purposes, on all the property, ad valorem.

The Legislature of 1823-4, printed the Report of the Commissioners and the minority Report of Mr. Guilford. Although vigorous efforts were made at that session to enact some general school system for the state, they did not secure direct action. The bold friends of Education appealed from the Halls of Assembly to the assemblies of the people, and free schools and internal improvements were the themes of discussion in every election precinct.

Cincinnati sent Nathan Guilford to the State Senate in December, 1824; other noble and true men, imbued with the ardor of enthusiasts, were his confederates, from other portions of the state.

Mr. Guilford was true to his mission. His firm friend was Ephraim Cutler. They secured a joint committee, of which Guilford was ap pointed chairman.

He presented a bill which required County Commissioners to levy a school tax of one-half a mill, provided for School Examiners, and made township clerks and county auditors, school officers.

These were forward steps-taken in a new state, a large portion of which was yet a wilderness.

His bill passed the Senate 28 to 8-the House, 46 to 24. Mr. Coggeshall at this point of the relation of the triumph of these noble pioneer leaders, Guilford and Cutler, describes the scene in language of force and eloquence, and suggests that the occasion is a fit one for a historical painting, worthy to occupy one of the panels of the Rotunda of the new State House.

Eleven years after, measures were taken to render the system more efficient.

The paternity of the appointment of a State Superintendent of Schools belongs to Alfred Kelly, now a member of the Senate from Franklin Co. W. B. Vanhook's resolution in the House, authorizing the ap

pointment of such an officer for three years, was adopted in 1836, after a hard struggle, 35 to 34. It prevailed in the Senate, and in 1837, a resolution presented by Doctor Price, Senator of Hamilton county, appointing Samuel Lewis, of Cincinnati, Supt. of Schools, was adopted by both houses.

Mr. Lewis entered upon his duties, but found that except in Cincinnati, there were few schools in the state free alike to rich and poor. There were 7748 districts, and only about one-half of them containing school houses—many of which were not worth $10 each, while not onethird would have been appraised above $50 each. Mr. Lewis traveled more than 1200 miles, chiefly on horseback, visited 40 county towns, and 300 schools, urging upon school officers augmented interest-upon parents, more liberal and more active coöperation, and upon teachers, a higher standard of morals and of qualifications, with an eloquence peculiar for its persuasive power.

In 1837-8 he reported to the Legislature, that there had been 4336 schools taught on an average about three months in the year—that fourfifths of the people were in favor of free schools. He recommended in detail a number of reforms in the system. It was at his instance that a commencement was made to secure accurate school statistics.

He proposed evening schools, provisions for teachers in orphan asylums, and high schools, or seminaries, in cities and towns, wherever higher grade of instruction was demanded.

The report, embodying these far-seeing suggestions, was made to a General Assembly distinguished for ability. Its leading men have since filled important state and national offices. In the Senate, were Benjamin F. Wade, David Starkweather and Leicester King-in the House, John A. Foote, Seabury Ford, James J. Faran, Otway Curry, Alfred Kelley, William Medill, W. B. Thrall, Wm. Trevitt and Nelson Barrere.

On the 7th of March, 1838, an amended bill, containing many of his recommendations, became a law.

One of the provisions of this bill was that the Superintendent should hold his office for five years, and in addition to his other duties, be the editor of a monthly Journal, published at the expense of the state, for circulation among school officers and teachers.

The first number of the Common School Director was issued by the Superintendent in May, 1838. He announced that it was his intention to visit every county of the state. His appointments were published, and he urged school teachers, school officers, and friends of education